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Why do children often get sick in daycare? What the international study revealed

2026-06-03 19:41:14Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
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Young children who go to daycare or kindergarten get sick often, but that doesn't mean they have a weak immune system.

According to an international study published in the scientific journal "Nature Immunology", a baby's immune system is programmed differently from that of adults and develops gradually during the first years of life.

The study was carried out by experts from the Bambino Gesù pediatric hospital in Rome, together with American institutions such as Boston Children's Hospital, Columbia University and Yale School of Medicine.

According to researchers, the most important period for the development of immunity is the first 1000 days of life, from pregnancy to the age of 2-3 years.

Experts explain that babies are born with a very flexible immune system, capable of adapting to the outside world. The moment they are born, they go from the protected environment of the womb to an environment full of microbes and viruses.

If their immune system reacted with the same force as an adult's, the body would face excessive inflammation and autoimmune problems.

For this very reason, the infant's body is "programmed" to gradually create balance with microbes and external stimuli. However, there is a major difference between children's and adults' immunity: immune memory.

Adults have built up “memory cells” over the years, thanks to past infections or vaccines. Babies and young children don’t yet have these protections. That’s why, when they start daycare or kindergarten and are exposed to lots of new viruses, they get sick all the time.

However, scientists still do not fully understand why some children get sick more often than others, even when they have grown up in the same family environment.

To study this phenomenon, the international project "IDEAL" (Immune Development in Early Life) was created, which follows the development of the immune system of hundreds of children in different countries around the world.

In Italy, researchers are monitoring 273 children from birth to age 6. They are analyzing various factors that may influence the development of immunity, such as vaccines the mother received during pregnancy, breastfeeding, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

The main goal is to understand why some children are more prone to infections, asthma or allergies, while others are not. Researchers hope that in the future they will be able to intervene early to prevent the development of chronic diseases.

Modern technology has greatly aided this research. Today, scientists can analyze a vast amount of genetic and molecular information from just a drop of blood, without the need for laborious tests on infants.

Studimi ka identifikuar pesë faktorë kryesorë që ndikojnë në 1000 ditët e para të jetës: vaksinat, kontaktin me kafshët, ndotësit kimikë, ndotjen industriale dhe ndotjen e ajrit.

Sipas rezultateve paraprake, ndotja e ajrit rezulton faktori më i dëmshëm. Ekspozimi ndaj grimcave të ndotjes dhe gazrave toksikë gjatë vitit të parë të jetës lidhet me rritjen e infeksioneve të frymëmarrjes, bronkiteve, bronkioliteve dhe problemeve me frymëmarrjen.

Shkencëtarët besojnë se në të ardhmen këto studime do të çojnë drejt “vaksinimit të personalizuar”, ku çdo fëmijë do të ketë një plan vaksinimi të përshtatur sipas nevojave dhe rrezikut individual.

Sipas ekspertëve, mbrojtja e 1000 ditëve të para të jetës, është një nga investimet më të rëndësishme për shëndetin e fëmijëve në të ardhmen.


Në përputhje me standarded JTI

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