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For every German soldier killed or wounded, 10 Albanians should be shot...

2023-01-08 20:20:31Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Soldier of Nazi Germany

 

 

The severity of the German army during World War II on all fronts is well known. She often did not differentiate between armed opponents and the civilian population when it came to retaliating or retaliating in cases of attacks on German soldiers. Albania was no exception here.

A few days after the German invasion of Albania, on September 17, 1943, the commander of the 1st German Alpine Division, General von Stettner, ordered Captain Eyb in Korça that for every German soldier killed or wounded by the attacks of the gangs, he had to go to the place where the attack was organized to shoot or hang 10 civilians immediately. Also, in each supply truck, 3-4 local civilians should be taken with them, who should be shot immediately in case of an attack by the partisan forces.

The 1st Alpine Division with its commander, von Stettner, was not unknown to the Albanians. It was precisely this division, which during its march from Kapshtica towards Kakavija to Ioannina via the Korçë-Ersekë-Përmet road, in early August 1943, had massacred Borova. After a partisan attack on the hills of Barmashi against the vanguard of this division on July 6, 1943, the Germans killed and burned alive in Borovo 107 civilians, of them 64 women and 43 men, without sparing even small children. The youngest victim was 4 months old and the oldest 84 years old. German soldiers went from house to house and set fire to everything. Also, they shot anyone they met on the street. In those houses, where the residents closed the doors, to prevent the soldiers from entering, the Germans set fire to the house, burning it together with the people.

As we see in the document below, such orders for retaliation and violation of the laws of war were issued by German commanders in writing.

Among other things, there is an order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Southeast, Colonel-General Alexander Löhr, dated July 14, 1943, which forced the German military commanders to take strict measures regarding the conduct of the war:“[…] In all the punitive measures that are necessary to be taken, it must be taken into account: Uncompromising war and punitive measures should, if possible, be directed only against the population that is oriented against us. […] but the caution shown should not lead to that, as for example if German troops are fired upon in a settlement, no punitive measure is taken, because the person who fired cannot be correctly identified. In these cases, quick punitive measures should be taken, such as arrests and shootings, even better by hanging well-known personalities of the country in public [...]."

Although German propaganda presented Albania as a " neutral", "independent" country and run by a "national government", where the German Wehrmacht would temporarily stay to organize the defense against any possible landing of the Anglo-American allies on the Albanian coast, we see that she did not separate it from the punitive orders.

***

1st Mountain Division Headquarters of the Div., 17.9.1943

Ic

                                                     Captain v. Eyb, Korça

General v. Stettner ordered:

1. For every German soldier killed or wounded by gang attacks, 10 civilians must be shot or hanged in the place where the attack was organized.

2. Each supply truck should carry 3-4 civilians, who should be shot immediately in case of attack.

Experiences gathered for this should be continuously reported to the IC of the division.

For the divisional command:

First Staff Officer

In the absence

signing

Lieutenant and Ic

For every German soldier killed or wounded, 10 Albanians should be shot...

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