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Surviving for more than 2000 years, the mystery of the longevity of Roman buildings is revealed

2023-01-11 17:55:17Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Surviving for more than 2000 years, the mystery of the longevity of Roman buildings is revealed

The magnificent structures of ancient Rome have survived for millennia, a testament to the ingenuity of Roman engineers who perfected the use of concrete.

But how did their building materials help colossal buildings like the Pantheon (which has the largest unreinforced dome in the world) and the Colosseum stand for more than 2,000 years?

Roman concrete has, in many cases, proven to be more durable than its modern equivalent, which can deteriorate within decades. Now, scientists behind a new study say they have discovered the mysterious ingredient that allowed the Romans to make their building material so durable and build elaborate structures in challenging places like sewers and earthquake zones.

The study team, including researchers from the United States, Italy and Switzerland, analyzed 2,000-year-old concrete samples that were taken from a city wall at the archaeological site of Privernum, in central Italy, and are similar in composition to other concretes. found throughout the Roman Empire.

Surviving for more than 2000 years, the mystery of the longevity of Roman

They found that the white particles in the concrete, referred to as lime scale, gave the concrete the ability to "heal" cracks that formed over time. White pieces were previously overlooked as evidence of poor mixing or poor quality raw material.

"For me, it was really hard to believe that the ancient Romans (engineers) wouldn't do a good job, because they really put careful effort into choosing and processing materials," said study author Admir Masic, a professor associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The new discovery could help make today's concrete more sustainable, potentially shaking up society like the Romans once did.

"Concrete allowed the Romans to have an architectural revolution," Masic said. “The Romans were able to create and turn cities into something that is extraordinary and beautiful to live in. And that revolution fundamentally changed the way people live."

The researchers concluded that lime clasts were created because of the more reactive and dangerous form of limestone.

Additional analysis of the concrete showed that the lime layers formed at the extreme temperatures expected from the use of lime, and "hot mixing" was the key to the durable nature of the concrete.

"The benefits of hot mixing are twofold. First, when aggregate concrete is heated to high temperatures, it allows for chemistries that are not possible if you use only slaked lime, producing high-temperature-related compounds that would not otherwise form. Second, this increased temperature significantly reduces hardening and hardening, as all reactions are accelerated, allowing for much faster construction," Masic said./CNN


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