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The mystery of migraine, beyond a headache

2026-02-09 18:41:02Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
The mystery of migraine, beyond a headache

Migraine remains one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine, affecting over 1.2 billion people worldwide. Although historically minimized as a “fad” or emotional problem, recent research is revealing a much more complex reality: a chronic neurological disorder that involves the entire body.

One of the most interesting discoveries is the overturning of the concept of “triggers.” Many patients believe that bright light, chocolate, or strong odors are what trigger an attack. However, science suggests that these are often early symptoms (prodromal stages).

At this stage, the brain has become hypersensitive, causing patients to notice smells or have food cravings that they then mistakenly blame as triggers. At the heart of a migraine attack lies Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD). This is a slow electrical wave that spreads through the cerebral cortex, suppressing normal activity and activating pain nerves.

Last year, scientists managed to capture this process in real time through advanced electrodes, proving that the wave often starts in the visual cortex – which explains the aura and sensitivity to light. The physical pain of migraine is not felt in the brain itself, but in the meninges – the membranes that surround the brain.

These membranes are filled with immune cells and nerve fibers that respond to inflammation. A key role is played by the molecule CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide). During an attack, CGRP levels increase significantly, acting as an “amplifier” of pain.

The discovery of molecular pathways has opened the door to a new generation of drugs that specifically target CGRP. Recent studies published in October 2025 show impressive results: about 70 percent of patients have experienced a drastic decrease in seizure frequency, while some of them have been completely free of them.

Although migraine remains a "constellation" of genetic and environmental factors, understanding the biological processes is moving it from a dark mystery to a manageable condition with medical precision.


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