The European Union's new industrial policies are creating tensions with some of the bloc's closest economic partners, including Norway and Switzerland.
According to the Financial Times, the concern is related to Brussels' increasingly strong orientation towards "Made in Europe" policies, subsidies and protective measures for European companies.
The EU is trying to protect its industry in the face of strong competition from China and the United States. But the measures are also affecting European countries that are not members of the Union, despite their economies being closely linked to the European market.
Switzerland has warned that new policies must take into account the entire European supply chain and not just companies within the EU.
The debate is also growing in Norway. European restrictions on steel imports have shown that staying outside the EU can have an economic cost.
A Norwegian diplomat quoted by the FT summed up the dilemma by saying that the country must live with the consequences of choosing to stay outside the Union or discuss whether to join.
The main problem for countries like Norway and Switzerland is that many decisions that directly affect their economies are made in Brussels, while they have no representatives at the negotiating table.
The debate takes on even greater importance at a time when Iceland is voting on whether to reopen EU membership negotiations.
In this way, Brussels' effort to protect European industry could have an unexpected effect: reopening the debate about EU membership in some of Europe's wealthiest countries.