In Denmark, it has been discovered that a university basement contains 9,479 human brains. This followed a proposal by two doctors in 1945 to build the world's largest collection of brains, with the hope that future doctors could reanalyze these organs as science advanced.
All brains were removed during autopsies of patients who died between 1940 and 1980. Among them, 5,500 brains with dementia, 1,400 with schizophrenia, 400 with bipolar disorder, 300 with depression... After autopsies, doctors removed the organ from the corpse before they buried him, examined him and kept detailed records in what were known as "brain diaries".
Most of these brains were shipped from state hospitals across Denmark, then stored in boxes for weeks, before being cut into pieces and placed in special containers for safekeeping.
However, the organs were stored without the prior consent of the patients or their relatives, sparking a wide-ranging national debate that spread across different sectors of society about what should be done with that amount of human organs.
"All these brains are very well documented. We know who the patients were, where they were born and when they died. We also have the diagnoses that have been made and the reports of the neuropathological examinations," argued Martin Wirenfeldt Nielsen, pathologist and current director of the brain collection at the University of Southern Denmark, to the BBC.
The ethical debate
Finally, in the 1990s, the Danish Council of Ethics determined that tissue could be used for scientific research. After moving to Odense, the collection that had been kept secret came to light.
Undoubtedly, the discovery of this brain bank has sparked one of the first ethical science debates in Denmark, on a stigmatized topic that had been left out for years: mental health and the lack of patient rights in the past.