A study conducted by scientists at Stanford University in the United States suggests that biological aging does not develop uniformly throughout life, but rather goes through several stages with more pronounced changes.
According to research, protein levels in the blood undergo major changes around the ages of 34, 60 and 78, indicating that the aging process is more complex than previously thought.
The study, published in the scientific journal Nature Medicine, was led by researchers Benoit Lehallier and Tony Wyss-Coray from Stanford University School of Medicine, in collaboration with scientists from other research institutions in the US and Europe.
For the research, blood plasma samples from 4,263 people, aged 18 to 95, were analyzed.
The researchers measured 2,925 proteins in blood plasma, using advanced proteomics technologies, to assess how these markers change throughout life.
The analysis showed that changes do not occur in a linear manner.
On the contrary, the levels of many proteins change with greater intensity in three periods of life, namely around the ages of 34, 60 and 78.
Each of these stages is characterized by changes in different protein groups and is associated with different biological processes.
Another important finding showed that about a third of the proteins analyzed change significantly with age.
Also, about two-thirds of proteins associated with aging show different patterns in men and women, suggesting that the biological process of aging is not the same for both sexes.
The researchers also identified 373 proteins, the combination of which can predict a person's biological age with an accuracy of just a few years.
People whose biological age was younger than their chronological age tended to achieve better results on physical and cognitive tests.
According to the authors, some of the proteins that change at the peaks of ages 60 and 78 are also linked to common diseases of aging, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.
This discovery could help develop new indicators for early diagnosis and treatment of age-related diseases.
However, the authors emphasize that the results do not mean that people suddenly age as soon as they turn 34, 60 or 78.
These ages represent statistical midpoints where greater changes in blood proteins were observed, while aging remains a continuous process, influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and other biological factors.