Hungary is experiencing historic moments following Viktor Orbán 's defeat in Sunday's elections, as the country will have a new government for the first time since 2010.
Although polls predicted a clear victory for the opposition Tisza party of the election winner, Péter Magyar , many maintained reservations until the last moment, so Orbán's loss was perceived by many as a regime change.
As writer and poet András Pet?cz told CNN, the feeling reminded him of the period of the collapse of the Soviet Union.
"I was 30 when the communist regime ended. It's the same feeling, the same," he said from the banks of the Danube, where thousands of Fidesz supporters had gathered to hear the results.
According to the American network's analysis, "while much remains unclear, from the size of Tisza's parliamentary majority to how the dismantling of the system built by Fidesz will begin, Orbán's defeat shows the limits of populism. It offers lessons both for those who would like to emulate him and for those who rejoice in his departure."
" The first lesson is that it is difficult to internationalize nationalism. Having governed for so long as a defender of national sovereignty, promising to protect Hungary from the supposed threats of the European Union and liberal ideology, his campaign ultimately relied heavily on the support of powerful international allies like the United States and Russia," CNN wrote.
Despite statements by US Vice President JD Vance, who traveled to Budapest to support the Trump administration's closest ally in Europe, saying that "I will help Orbán as much as I can ," and the US president's even stronger call to "go out and vote for Viktor Orbán, a true friend, fighter and winner," these interventions did not yield results.
"While some Hungarians may have felt appreciative of the attention from a superpower, there is a contradiction in expecting citizens to vote for a nationalist politician because a foreign power recommends it," CNN points out.
Before Orbán’s defeat, political scientist Ivan Krastev, who has studied the outgoing prime minister since the early 1990s, commented: “The irony is that if he loses, he will lose as a supporter of globalization. By seeking help from powerful friends abroad, Orbán did exactly what one would expect of international leaders.”
According to CNN, the reason Orbán's campaign focused so much on foreign policy was his poor domestic image. This is another lesson from his defeat: populism thrives on constant confrontation and needs permanent enemies. Orbán found plenty of them: NGOs, liberal universities, George Soros, the LGBTQ+ community, the European Union.
But at some point, the "enemies" run out. A large part of his campaign targeted Ukraine.
Budapest was filled with posters of President Volodymyr Zelensky with slogans like " Danger !" and " Don't let him have the last laugh ."
Without a strong economy or an effective healthcare system, his campaign sought to scare voters, presenting Fidesz as the “safe choice.”
As Krastev said, presenting Ukraine as the main threat to Hungarian sovereignty ended up looking ridiculous, CNN writes.
Faced with these vague threats, Magyar contented himself with pointing out the country's internal situation, which did not satisfy the Hungarians.
“For those who want to defeat populism, Orbán’s defeat also offers lessons. Despite his victory, many liberal and left-wing Hungarians are not enthusiastic about Magyar, a former Fidesz official with conservative views. Yet they rallied around him, seeing him as their best chance to defeat Orbán. As political scientist Péter Kreko put it, voters did not let the ‘perfect’ become the enemy of the ‘good,’” the CNN analysis states.
In his victory speech, Magyar acknowledged the challenges and called on Orbán to act as a transitional leader without hindering the new government. However, for his supporters, whether Tisza will succeed in dismantling Orbán's system and governing effectively remains a question for the future.
"It would be a welcome turn if Hungary moved from an example of illiberalism and authoritarianism to an example of democratic change, " Kreko said, but that remains to be seen./ CNN