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The first battle of the Ceta of Peza

2022-09-11 18:00:47Histori SHKRUAR NGA MARENGLEN KASMI
The first battle of the Ceta of Peza
Peza detachment

In the context of the 80th anniversary of the Peza Conference

March 16 of this year marks the 80th anniversary of the Peza Conference, whose decisions laid the foundation for the organization of the Anti-Fascist National Liberation War. The organization of this conference is inextricably linked with Peza and undoubtedly also with the name of the great patriot and anti-fascist of the early hours, Myslim Peza, who with his gang had started the resistance against the Italian invaders immediately after the invasion.

Peza's anti-fascist gang is one of the first of its kind in all of Europe. The beginnings of the Peza Gang date back to June 1940, when its founder Myslim Peza went underground. She carried out her first action against the Italian army on March 13, 1941, cutting Tirana's telephone lines with Rome and other cities. Likewise, on the Tirana-Durrës road, near the village of Peze, on this day they also organized an ambush against two cars carrying high-ranking Italian soldiers. In response to these acts, on March 16, the Italian army organized with about 700 forces a large-scale clearing operation in the village of Peza, where was the main base of Muslim Peza and his detachment of 70 fighters. Five fighters of the detachment were killed during the fighting. The Italian side had 84 carabinieri, militia and soldiers killed.

About these fights, the German consulate in Tirana reported to Berlin on March 21, 1941 as follows: "The small gang led by Myslym and Shyqyri Peza, a week ago they successfully fought in Peza, 14 km west of Tirana, against hundreds to the carabinieri forces, who were armed with cannons and machine guns. A carabinieri captain, two non-commissioned officers and 6-8 soldiers must have been killed in the fighting. Also, the carabinieri post on this road was disarmed and a car with Italian government officials was robbed. The local population sympathizes with the gang, whose reasons for rebellion have to do with the Italian occupation (Michael Kolhaas Motive?). (It is) only of local importance, disturbing the Italians and linking multiple police forces".

The attacks and the armed resistance of the Peza gang against the Italian army had a great echo among the people. This was also favored by the fact that the war of this gang took place only a few kilometers away from the capital, Tirana. As a result, in the first days of May 1941, the Italians tried once again to annihilate the Peza Gang, putting into action selected forces of the carabinieri and the militia, but to no avail.

This armed resistance could not fail to catch the attention of the Albanian communists as well. Representatives of the communist groups of Korça and Shkodra contacted Myslim Peza, proposing to send communists to the squad. Myslim Peza accepted and therefore, on August 21, 1941, the detachment was reorganized, transforming into a partisan formation. Myslim Peza was in command again and Vasil Shanto, a known communist of the Shkodra Group, was appointed political commissar.

This organized anti-fascist resistance under the leadership of Myslim Peza was also the main reason for choosing Peza to organize the conference. Likewise, a no less important reason was the popularity that Myslim Peza enjoyed in Central Albania, as well as the guarantees he offered for the smooth development of the conference.

 The Peza Conference was comprehensive and took place with the participation of communists and nationalists. She was summoned by the Communist Party. Its main goal was the organization of the common war against the Italian invaders.

As for the idea of ​​cooperation with a part of the nationalists who were opponents of the Italian invaders, there were two different currents of thought in the ranks of the NPSH. While one stream saw in this cooperation a weakening of the leadership position of the NPSH, the other stream aimed to achieve the creation of a common national front together with the nationalists. The representatives of the second stream managed to convince the other party to hold this conference, which was organized by the very popular communist, Mustafa Gjinishi.

If we look at the composition of the participants in this conference, it is easy to see that the communists were the minority, compared to a strong Zogist faction as well as various nationalist representatives.

A decisive indicator for the organization of this conference was the political and personal independence of each member of the conference. They quickly agreed to start a war against the fascist invaders. Even the Zogist Major Abaz Kupi expressed his willingness for the return of Zog to Albania after the war to be determined by the people through a popular referendum.

The delegates elected the Provisional General Council, which consisted of seven members and approved a program, which was called the "Platform of the National Liberation War". This basic platform included the uncompromising fight against the invaders and traitors, for a free and democratic Albania, the organization of all Albanians in a front for national liberation without differences, the establishment of national liberation councils as organs of popular power and the popularization of the popular uprising of armed.

The first battle of the Ceta of Peza


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