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Israel – Palestine, the conflict that relies on the past!

2024-12-21 14:55:42Pikëpamje SHKRUAR NGA ALADIN STAFA
Israel – Palestine, the conflict that relies on the past!
Aladdin Staff

It has killed tens of thousands of people and displaced millions.

The future that lies in the past.

The long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict seems to be one of the hottest issues of recent times. It did not remain just a local conflict. The dimensions it took on since the fall of 2023 surpassed the region from which it began, turning it into a global conflict.

The deep disagreements between the two sides have not only divided the countries into two respective camps but have also created the idea that a Third World War could start from there, as a derivation from the war in Ukraine.

But how did the conflict in that area arise and will the situation take a definitive direction?

Israel is a country located in the Middle East. The creation and formation of its nation is closely linked to ancient civilization, religious belief, and modern politics today. According to the Bible, Israel is a land promised by God to the fathers of the Jewish people, such as Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham.

Around 1000 BC, King David established the first capital for the Jewish people, the city of Jerusalem. Later, his son, Solomon, built the first temple for them as well.

But life did not go smoothly for the Jewish people. They constantly had disputes over territorial issues, religious beliefs and culture as well. In the following centuries, especially in the late 19th century, Europe experienced a rise in anti-Semitism, where Theodor Herzl and other Jewish leaders decided to form a homeland for the Jews precisely in Palestine, a region that roughly corresponds to the Land of Israel in Jewish tradition. After the creation of Israel, Zionism became an ideology that supports the “development and defense of the state of Israel”.

Later, during the two world wars of 1917-1948, it was the British who took territorial control of Palestine. In 1917, through the Balfour Declaration, they expressed their full support for the formation of a state for the Jews. This led to an increase in tension on the Arab side.

Although the United States supported the Balfour Declaration, which favored the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had assured the Arabs in 1945 that the United States would not intervene without consulting the Jews and Arabs in the region. The British, who held a colonial mandate for Palestine until May 1948, opposed the creation of a Jewish and an Arab state in Palestine, as well as the unrestricted immigration of Jewish refugees to the region. Great Britain wanted to maintain good relations with the Arabs to protect its vital political and economic interests in Palestine.

But time passed and on May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion declared the independence of Israel and the creation of its state. At that time, it was decided that the United Nations would be in favor of a division of that territory into two different states: Israel and Palestine.

Israel is a nation that has gone through many wars throughout its history, one of the most memorable being the 6-day war in 1967. A little later, it also had the initiative to sign two peace pacts, with Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994). Unfortunately, neither brought an improvement in the situation.

The highly controversial issue remains at the heart of the conflicts that flare up from time to time in the region: Does Palestine fully meet the criteria to declare itself an independent state or not?

According to the Montevideo Convention (1933), a state to be called independent must have a permanent population, a territory with defined borders, a functional government and the capacity/ability to enter into relations with other states. Regarding the population, although divided into two territories we can say that it meets the first condition but the other criteria do not match. Palestine has no defined territories. It operates with two governments such as that of Hamas in Gaza and the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, which do not cooperate and consequently do not have the possibility of wider representation.

Israel sees the recognition of Palestine by other states as counterproductive to the peace process, bypassing direct negotiations with it.

He also states that Palestine remains a constant danger, the recognition of which leaves Israel exposed, undermining bilateral relations on the one hand and strengthening unilateral ones on the other.

An attempt to be appreciated was precisely the Oslo Accords, where the parties found a kind of common ground at that time. The first was made in 1993 and the second in 1995, where a self-governing space was left to Palestine and an agreement was also reached on the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The condition for Israel was the withdrawal of military forces from these two areas and the recognition of the Palestine Liberation Organization as the legitimate authority of the Palestinian people. On the other hand, the condition for the PLO was the recognition of Israel's existence and the renunciation of terrorism.

The Oslo Accords are widely considered legally binding agreements based on international law because they were signed by recognized parties, witnessed by international actors, and registered with the United Nations. They also remain a cornerstone of the peace process between the two peoples and a benchmark for future negotiations.

So what's happening now?

Disputes flared up again and their escalation into a bloody conflict came at a time when the peoples were living an era of peace. The end of the war, say geopolitical experts, depends not only on these two states but also on other political interests. Israel is determined that recognition of Palestine must pass only through it.

Experience has shown that history is always written by the victors, but in this case, if they, the victors, cannot manipulate us, today's witnesses, since we have the fortune to live it ourselves - which of them will ultimately manage to write it according to their own interests for future generations?


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