US President Donald Trump has suffered a significant defeat at the US Supreme Court. In a decision expected to have a major impact on his second term, the justices struck down the administration's attempt to strip children of undocumented immigrants or those with temporary visas of their birthright citizenship, declaring the executive order that Trump signed on his first day back in the White House unconstitutional.
On the same day, however, the Supreme Court, where the majority of conservative judges are, upheld a ban on the participation of transgender athletes in women's sports competitions and lifted a historic restriction on coordinated campaign financing between political parties and candidates, a decision that is expected to particularly favor Republicans on the eve of the midterm elections.
The loss of automatic citizenship at birth
The decision on automatic birthright citizenship (ius soli) constitutes one of Trump's biggest legal defeats in the Supreme Court, following the February ruling against some of his trade tariffs.
With six votes in favor and three against, the court upheld the blocking of the executive order that sought to deny American citizenship to children born in the US, in cases where neither parent was an American citizen or permanent resident.
The decision was drafted by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, who found the Trump administration's interpretation of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution unfounded.
Roberts referred to the historic precedent of 1898 in the case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark, recalling that for more than a century, the Court has interpreted the Constitution as guaranteeing citizenship to every person born on American soil, with very limited exceptions, such as the children of foreign diplomats.
"Then, as now, citizenship meant the right to have rights. Today we keep that promise," Roberts wrote.
According to estimates presented during the process, the executive order could have affected up to 250,000 children each year.
Conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh agreed with the result, but argued that the order violated federal citizenship law first and foremost, without the need for the decision to be based on the 14th Amendment.
A key promise of Trump's campaign
The decision strikes at one of Trump's key campaign promises. The president had argued that automatic citizenship at birth encouraged so-called "birth tourism" and allowed children of undocumented immigrants to automatically gain U.S. citizenship.
The White House had argued that the 14th Amendment was designed only to guarantee citizenship to former slaves after the Civil War, not to the children of immigrants. The court rejected this interpretation, noting that more than a century of constitutional jurisprudence proves otherwise.
The ruling was welcomed by the Democratic attorneys general who filed the lawsuit. California Attorney General Rob Bonta called it “an affirmation of a fundamental principle of American democracy,” while New York Attorney General Letitia James said birthright citizenship is “a constitutional guarantee that has defined the identity of the United States for generations.”
Court upholds ban on transgender athletes
In another landmark decision, the Supreme Court upheld states that prohibit transgender athletes from competing in women's sports.
The judges ruled that Idaho, West Virginia and 25 other states that have passed similar laws can reserve women's sports only for people of the biological female sex.
The majority, led by Justice Brett Kavanaugh, said the protection of fair competition and the safety of athletes justified the distinction. The ruling is also seen as a victory for Trump, who has made restricting the rights of transgender people a central theme of his administration.
On the Truth Social platform, the president called the decision "a huge victory," stating that the Supreme Court "has definitively ruled that men cannot compete in women's sports."
Campaign financing restrictions lifted
The third important decision of the Supreme Court relates to the financing of election campaigns.
By a majority of 6 votes to 3, the court struck down federal restrictions on coordinated spending between political parties and candidates, arguing that they conflict with the freedom of expression guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
The lawsuit was filed, among others, by current Vice President JD Vance, when he was running for the US Senate.
The decision is expected to further increase the financial influence of the major parties in American elections, at a time when Republican committees already have significantly greater financial resources than Democrats. With this decision, the Supreme Court overturned another 2001 precedent, continuing the trend of the conservative majority to ease restrictions on political financing.
Trump also welcomed this decision on Truth Social, calling it "a big victory for Republicans and, above all, for the First Amendment."