
Our life revolves around internet connection, preferably Wi-Fi. We've all faced the battle against the "corner where there's no signal" or the "room where the signal is too slow": to avoid these problems, you can act strategically and identify the best place in the house to set up the router, which is the device that connects the local network to the Internet.
Optimizing waves is a matter of physics and electromagnetic waves, but it translates into very simple measures to follow. This was also demonstrated by Jason Cole, a PhD student in physics at Imperial College London, who solved the Helmholtz equation, used it to map electromagnetic fields, and concluded (not too surprisingly!) that the ideal place to place the router is in the center of the house. But it is not enough.
Placing the Wi-Fi router in the most central room of your apartment should guarantee a fair distribution of the signal and limit the dead zones, that is, those areas where the wave is practically zero. Another rule of thumb to keep in mind is to make sure the device you're using can "see" the router, with no major obstacles in between.
The main means of wireless communication that we are used to, in fact, use electromagnetic waves that can be easily absorbed by materials such as reinforced concrete or bricks. In other words, the signal goes out, but it can't reach the destination computer or tablet because it was stopped before. The same problem can occur with pipes, electrical cables, and wooden or metal structures inside a wall. Therefore, all materials that can absorb electromagnetic waves should be removed or bypassed.
On a practical level, a router should not be hidden inside a closet or disguised with a paper divider, even for aesthetic reasons. It should also be placed on top of a piece of furniture or a shelf so that it is at least one meter from the floor, which in turn can act as a barrier to signal transmission.
To cope with the limitations that are necessarily present inside a house, you can play with the angle of refraction, created by the electromagnetic wave when it bounces off a transparent surface, like air or glass. In short, you can try moving the router inch by inch until you find the optimal position for the connection.
The problem is not only physical barriers: some commonly used household devices, such as the TV, the microwave at work or the cordless phone for those who still use it, use the 2.4 GHz band, the same frequency shared by most Wi-Fi routers. Therefore, placing the device in the kitchen or in the TV cabinet risks encouraging interference between signals, so-called electromagnetic noise.
The latest routers, however, work with dual-band technology, which allows them to also use the 5 GHz band, which is usually less busy. However, the ideal is for both to be active: the second is actually more affected by any obstacle between the signal source and the device that needs to receive it.
The last issue to be explored is the relationship between health and electromagnetic waves, which raises questions such as: can it harm the body by working all day in the same room where the Wi-Fi router is located? Is it better to turn off the router at night, especially when it is in the room where we sleep?
The World Health Organization assures that to date there is no scientific evidence of possible health risks. The Higher Institute of Health also specifies that: "Exposure levels to common Wi-Fi routers installed in the office or at home are much lower than the limits recommended at international level and those in force in Italy".
However, studies on the correlation between electromagnetic fields and the increased risk of cancer are still being developed and therefore caution may be exercised, such as not keeping the router switched on in the bedroom.