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Meet the man who founded the secret society, the Illuminati

2022-12-10 19:10:43Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Meet the man who founded the secret society, the Illuminati
Illuminati

Until the age of 36, most of Adam Weishaupt's acquaintances and contemporaries would not have suspected that this distinguished professor could be an enemy of the state.

Born in 1748 in Ingolstadt, Bavaria (now part of Germany), Weishaupt was descended from a Jewish family that converted to Christianity. He was orphaned as a child and was taken care of by his uncle, who enrolled him in a Jesuit school. After completing his studies, Weishaupt became a professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt, married and started a family.

At first glance – a perfect citizen. And then in 1784, it all came to a head.

A closer look at his upbringing reveals that Weishaupt always had a restless mind. Even as a boy, in his uncle's library, he read with great enthusiasm the books of the then modern French philosophers. Bavaria was a deeply conservative and Catholic country at the time, and Weishaupt believed that the monarchy and the church stifled freedom of thought. And he wasn't the only one.

Convinced that the ideas spread by religion are not adequate for the management of modern societies, he decided to look for another form of "enlightenment", a set of ideas and practices that could be applied and fundamentally change the way European states were run.

During this period, the Society of Freemasons was constantly expanding throughout Europe, offering people enticing alternatives. Weishaupt first considered joining a lodge, but disillusioned with many Masonic ideas and fascinated by esoteric themes, he decided to found his own secret society.

Weishaupt, as he himself said, was not against religion itself, but against the way it was practiced and imposed. He wrote that his idea offers freedom "from all religious prejudices, promotes social virtues, and offers a prospect for the attainment of universal happiness." To achieve this, it was necessary to create "a free state that promotes moral and gender equality, freed from all the obstacles that subjection, status and wealth constantly place before us".

In a forest not far from Ingolstadt, on the night of May 1, 1776, the first illuminati met to found their order. Five people gathered around the torch and determined the rules of order.

They chose the name "Illuminati" which means "the enlightened ones", those who rule with reason, freed from the darkness in which organized religion keeps people, it is claimed, which is also essentially atheistic thought. It was decided that all members must agree on the acceptance of future candidates, that the candidates must be of good reputation, have good family and social connections and be wealthy.

The order originally had three levels: Novice, Minerval and Ilmunat Minerval. The name "minerval" was taken in honor of the Roman goddess of wisdom Minerva, and reflected the purpose of the order, to spread the true knowledge of how society and the state could be reshaped.

Over the following years, Weishaupt's secret society grew rapidly; in 1782 it counted 600 members. At first it was only his students, but he was later joined by important members of Bavarian public life, such as Baron Adolf von Knige. The order was joined by many nobles, politicians, doctors, lawyers and jurists, as well as thinkers and writers, such as Goethe. By the end of 1784, the Illuminati had between 2,000 and 3,000 members.

Baron von Knige had a very significant role in the organization and expansion of the society. As a former Freemason, he advocated the adoption of rites similar to theirs.

Members of the Illuminati were given a symbolic name - "secret", taken from classical antiquity; for example, Weishaupt was Spartacus and Knigge was Philo of Alexandria. Membership levels have also become more complicated over time. There were a total of 13 initiation levels, divided into three classes. In the first class, the highest level was illuminatus minor, in the second, conductor illuminatus, and in the third - the king.

Internal and external pressures quickly halted the order's spread, especially in the upper echelons of society. Weishaupt and Knige increasingly disagreed about the goals and activities of the society. At the same time, a longtime former member, Joseph von Utzschneider, sent a letter to the Duchess of Bavaria, thus opening the doors of this secret society.

With the discovery of society, truths and lies about it began to spread. Utzschneider wrote that the Illuminati believed that suicide was legitimate and that religion was absurd. He also suggested that the Illuminati were conspiring with Austria against Bavaria.

After she forwarded the contents of the letter to her husband, Karl Theodor, Duke of Bavaria, his government banned all secret societies in 1784. The Illuminati initially believed that this blanket ban, which was not legally based, would not directly affected them. But a little less than a year later, in March 1785, the Bavarian sovereign issued a new decree, now covered by law.

Arrests of members began, during which Bavarian police found highly compromising documents, including those advocating suicide and atheism, a plan to create a female branch of the order, prescriptions for invisible paint, and medical instructions for performing abortions. The documents were used as evidence to impeach the order and they were charged with conspiracy against religion and state.

Meet the man who founded the secret society, the Illuminati
Adam Weishaupt

In August 1787, the Duke issued a third decree confirming the ban and making membership punishable by death.

Weishaupt was exiled and lived for the rest of his life in Saxon Gotha (of which the prince was a member of the order), where he taught philosophy at the University of Göttingen.

The Bavarian government was convinced that the order had been extinguished, however, their legacy lived on and fueled many conspiracy theories. Weishaupt is accused of helping to instigate the French Revolution, and the Illuminati is also mentioned in the context of recent historical events, such as the assassination of John Kennedy.

Also, Weishaupt's ideas influenced the creation of popular literary works, such as "Angels and Demons" by Dan Brown, as well as "Foucault's Pendulum" by Umberto Eco, etc.

Although Weishaupt's society disbanded, one lifelong contribution remained: the idea that behind-the-scenes secret societies pull the strings on the world stage.


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