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Mystery: Why did the Neanderthals disappear?

2022-06-02 21:33:10Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Mystery: Why did the Neanderthals disappear?
Mystery: Why did the Neanderthals disappear?

One of the greatest mysteries of human history is why Neanderthals became extinct in most of Europe about 40,000 years ago.

They had lived on the mainland for hundreds of thousands of years, while humans migrated there about 45,000 years ago, and in a relatively short space of time (5,000 years) Neanderthals became extinct.

The arrival of humans seems to be related to the extinction of the Neanderthals, but the exact cause has long been a matter of debate. Some say that Neanderthals, living in small groups, found it difficult to integrate, while other scientists have suggested that humans cannibalized (ate) them.

New Theory: Neanderthals became extinct because they failed to harness the power of fire as their relatives, humans, did. If they had used fire for cooking they would have gotten more calories from the same amount of food. Thus, over time, the population increased as the Neanderthal population went extinct. This is the newest hypothesis presented at the 80th anniversary meeting of the American Archaeological Society in Boston.

The issue of their disappearance is very complex, and unresolved.

A major difference between Neanderthals and humans may have been the possession of fire, which in addition to heating, enables cooking of food. Fire kills bacteria, and changes the nature of protein, which means that the body can utilize more calories from the same amount of food.

Some fossils suggest that Neanderthals used fire, but not constantly. Neanderthals, for example, inhabited southwestern France for tens of thousands of years. Discovered fossils contain stone tools and animal bones, but almost no evidence of fire use.

It is difficult to draw conclusions. It is not yet known what exactly the Neanderthals ate; did they eat plants, meat or were they even cannibals? Because these may have affected (in one direction or another) the effects of fire on their survival.

 


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