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The truth of the blood relationship between Gjergj Kastrioti and Bushatllinje

2022-09-11 23:33:30Histori SHKRUAR NGA DORIAN KOçI
The truth of the blood relationship between Gjergj Kastrioti and Bushatllinje
Kara Mahmud Pashë Bushatlliu - Painting by Ismail Lulani

The first connections between a possibility of Skanderbeg's inheritance with the Bushatllians are mentioned in a diplomatic report of the Russian Consul of Dalmatia, Antonio Palladhokli, addressed to the Council of Foreign Affairs of Russia on April 14, 1787. Consul Palladhokli writes in his report that in this time it is heard that the Pasha of Shkodra is waiting for money with his name, he calls himself as the successor of the famous Gjergj Kastriot, Skënderbeu, concentrates all his forces with commander Hasan Oda. But what was the historical context of the time and why at this time Mahmud Bushatlliu, a prominent representative of the Ottoman power in Albania, brings back to attention the figure of Skënderbeu?

The detailed report comes a year after the hectic political and military developments in the Paschalek of Shkodra. In February of 1785, Mahmud Pasha Bushatlliu had forcibly separated from the elaje of Bosnia, the castles of Podgorica and Shpuza, which had raised their heads during the 1775-1776 expeditions, and four months later had subdued Montenegro, which had been rising since the war. of the years 1768-1774. After receiving the arrears of tribute and pledges of obedience and submission, on the way back to Shkodër he severely punished the province of Pastrović for armed provocation at the instigation of the Venetian authorities. The purpose of this provocation had been the hope that the High Gate, in order not to create a political scandal with the Republic of Saint Mark, would get rid of this disobedient and dangerous pasha as for the authority of the sultan in Albania, as well as for the security of the Venetian possessions on the border of the Paschalek of Shkodra and for the economic interests of the republic in this region. However, if in foreign policy Mahmud Pasha Bushatlliu had achieved some important victories, in the internal plan the political situation was not very good in the Pashallek of Shkodra, deep in the Albanian territories. Mahmud Pasha Bushatlliu was in open conflict with the Ottoman central government because he had attacked the pashalls of Elbasan and Berat. in the depths of the Albanian territories. Mahmud Pasha Bushatlliu was in open conflict with the Ottoman central government because he had attacked the pashalls of Elbasan and Berat. in the depths of the Albanian territories. Mahmud Pasha Bushatlliu was in open conflict with the Ottoman central government because he had attacked the pashalls of Elbasan and Berat.

The conflict that arose with Ahmet Kurt Pasha for the possession and administration of the maliqene (revenue) of the lands of Durrës that belonged to Valide Sultana and whose possession meant a stronger power on the ground but also sympathy from Istanbul, had started because of the closing of the port of Durrës for merchants from Shkodra and Ulcinj, which in fact had led to the decrease in income as property of the Malikene of Durres. The submission of Montenegro and the Sanjak of Elbasan drew attention and angered the respective Great Powers operating in the region. Porta e Larte and Venice, whose merchants were losing the favorable positions granted by Kurt Pasha in the Malikene of Durrës, felt dissatisfied by these developments, whereas Austria and Russia, which had opposite interests with the Ottoman Empire, sought to find a reliable ally in the military actions of Mahmud Pasha Bushatlli. The High Gate considered the campaigns against Berat and Elbasan as a rebellious act and the sultan declared the two Bushatllians and Ali Pasha Tepelena as insurgents and in the fall of 1785 gave orders for the preparation of a punitive expedition against Shkodra. It was these measures that encouraged Bushatlliu to turn disobedience into an uprising. Meanwhile, on the international level, the Austro-Russian-Ottoman war was approaching and the Albanian elite of this time, represented by Bushatlliu, was seeking to reconfigure itself in the new diplomatic theater that was opening in the Eastern Question. Various diplomatic contacts were established on the ground by these two great powers where Pouqeuville, the French consul near Ali Pasha Tepelena mentions the attempts of Mahmud Pasha Bushatlli to organize an Illyrian Confederation in the Assembly of Podgorica that would include the Pashalik of Shkodra, Montenegro and parts of Bosnia. In the document published by the researcher Stavri Naçi in his book "Pashallek of Shkodra under the rule of the Bushatllians (1757-1796)" in the report of the consul Jak Suma of Venice dated 2.4.1786, the meeting of Podgorica is confirmed, where it is expressly written that... .this brilliant Mahmut Pasha went to the city of Podgorica a week ago and gathered people, about five hundred summers, the reason is not known because it is not easy to understand his intentions. Here it is said that one Pasha's visit to Podgorica was to call the leaders of Montenegro and advise them, but why? In the document published by the researcher Stavri Naçi in his book "Pashallek of Shkodra under the rule of the Bushatllians (1757-1796)" in the report of the consul Jak Suma of Venice dated 2.4.1786, the meeting of Podgorica is confirmed, where it is expressly written that... .this brilliant Mahmut Pasha went to the city of Podgorica a week ago and gathered people, about five hundred summers, the reason is not known because it is not easy to understand his intentions. Here it is said that one Pasha's visit to Podgorica was to call the leaders of Montenegro and advise them, but why? In the document published by the researcher Stavri Naçi in his book "Pashallek of Shkodra under the rule of the Bushatllians (1757-1796)" in the report of the consul Jak Suma of Venice dated 2.4.1786, the meeting of Podgorica is confirmed, where it is expressly written that... .this brilliant Mahmut Pasha went to the city of Podgorica a week ago and gathered people, about five hundred summers, the reason is not known because it is not easy to understand his intentions. Here it is said that one Pasha's visit to Podgorica was to call the leaders of Montenegro and advise them, but why? about five hundred summers, the cause is not known because it is not easy to understand his intentions. Here it is said that one Pasha's visit to Podgorica was to call the leaders of Montenegro and advise them, but why? about five hundred summers, the cause is not known because it is not easy to understand his intentions. Here it is said that one Pasha's visit to Podgorica was to call the leaders of Montenegro and advise them, but why?

We do not find information about this attempt by Bushatliu in the documentation, but it is possible that Pouqeuville may have received it from the reports of the French consul in Dalmatia. The mention of the name Skënderbeu and the organization as an Illyrian confederation is a reference to the glorious past of the Albanians.

Bushatlli's self-proclaimed successor to Skanderbeg shows that he was well aware of the strong local tradition in which Skanderbeg's name had strong roots, as the Paschalek he held included a large part of Skanderbeg's former possessions, but it is likely that he was also influenced by the contact with the Russian and Austrian diplomats with whom he was cooperating closely in this period of his rebellion.

In the Russian documentation published by the well-known Russian historian Gregori ARSH, there is a letter from a person named Feliks Kastrioti who addressed Catherine II for support of an uprising in the Albanian territories. There can be no discussion about the authenticity of the report or the error in the translation since the Russian Consul, Antonio Palladhokli, who was originally from the Greek island of Mytilini and settled in Russia in 1762 as a lecturer in the Troice-Sergiu Monastery, knew Russian very well. His first reports, which were sent in 1785, are written in Russian, compared to the reports of other Russian consuls of Balkan origin, whose reports were in French and Italian.

At the same time, Skanderbeg's name was alive and well in Austria, which was constantly in conflict with the Ottoman Empire, as well as in the Catholic Albanian tribes, allies of Bushatliu, who were under the religious and cultural protection of Austria. The mention of the historical legacy of Skanderbeg only once, only in the first rebellion of Mahmud Pasha Bushatliu shows that it may have been a story imported from the court of Austria rather than an inner consciousness of Mahmud Pasha Bushatliu and with him the feudal class Albanian.

Years later, this historical fact, apparently known by the Albanian Catholic clergy, transmitted perhaps in the form of collective popular memory, would be used by Fishta in his unfinished dramatic work dedicated to the rebellion of Bushatlli. In the same spirit, "The Friar of the Pashallars of Shkodra" was written by Father Zef Pllumi many years later, reflecting a trend of how history should have been rather than actually responding to reality.


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