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What causes and what is COPD, the disease from which Fatos Nano suffers (affects 6% of Albanians)

2023-08-31 17:30:50Aktualitet SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
What causes and what is COPD, the disease from which Fatos Nano suffers (affects
Fatos Nano

While the day before he was in a stable condition, the last few hours have brought a deterioration in the health of former Prime Minister Fatos Nano. The media, citing sources from the hospital, inform that he has been intubated again in the intensive care unit because the vital parameters are not at the right level.

Fatos Nano suffers from respiratory failure, the insufficiency of the lungs to function normally. The former prime minister has returned to a chronic respiratory problem that, in medical terms, is known as COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

It has become a chronic concern for the former prime minister, and for this reason, within this year, he has appeared at the hospital several times to receive medical services.

But what is COPD?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD, COPD) is a disease (pathology) that affects the lungs and can be prevented. It is characterized by an irreversible or partially reversible narrowing (obstruction) of the airways.

This obstruction is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal chronic inflammatory response of the lungs against dust particles and/or gases such as: carbon monoxide present in tobacco smoke and carbon dioxide found in the polluted ambient air that surrounds us .

COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the second leading cause of total disability in patients. In 2010, over three million deaths from this disease were reported worldwide.

In Albania, this pathology is not well known and as a result remains undiagnosed and/or mistreated. Studies show that our country has a high prevalence of COPD, affecting approximately 5-6% of the population.

1- What are the causes of this disease?

Smoking is the main and most common cause. Other factors are also known, among which are mentioned: environmental pollution, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, age, food diet and little physical activity.

2- What are the signs and symptoms that accompany this disease?

Chronic cough with secretions and difficulty in breathing, mainly during walking (exertion), are the most common in this disease. Men over 40 years of age who smoke are more affected, but recently the number of women with COPD as a result of smoking is also increasing.

3- How is it diagnosed?

The diagnosis is established by means of a simple test called Spirometry with bronchodilator test (ventoline). Any subject over the age of 40, male or female, with or without complaints, is recommended to perform this examination. If the patient is diagnosed with COPD, the degree of the disease must be determined, which are A, B, C, D (stage I, II, III, IV).

4- What are the treatment alternatives for this disease?

Smoking cessation should be encouraged. The treatment plan is determined depending on the degree (stage). The first degree does not require continuous treatment, but only if the patient has complaints.

Other grades require longer treatment. The treatment generally consists first in the cessation of smoking by the patient and in the use of medications that are taken in inhalation form (in pump form) for a long time, but this depends on the stage of the disease and the general condition of the patient (associated diseases).

COPD is a disease that, once it affects a person, cannot be cured. The treatment is aimed at curbing the disease at the stage that is diagnosed. The complications of the disease are numerous, such as: cardiac, endocrinological, muscular, up to complete invalidation of the patient.


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