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2024, an election year that toppled parties in power in many countries around the world, voa analysis: 1.6 billion citizens participated

2025-01-01 09:52:07Kosova&Bota SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

2024, an election year that toppled parties in power in many countries around

2024 was an election year. More than 70 electoral processes took place worldwide, affecting more than half of the global population.

Elections this year have been held by some of the world's largest countries - the United States, India, Indonesia and Bangladesh , as well as 27 European countries that elected Europe's new parliament.

The total number of votes cast in 71 electoral processes and in the European Parliament elections was more than 1.6 billion, according to the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, known as IDEA.

2024, an election year that toppled parties in power in many countries around

Changing the status quo

Elections in 2024 generally did not go in favor of politicians who were in power.

Every ruling party facing national elections in 2024 has suffered a decline, according to a November article in the Financial Times, citing the ParlGov database of parliaments and governments, linked to numerous universities in Europe.

This happened for the first time in almost 120 years, since the recording and data collection of this project began.

In over 80 percent of the countries, in both rich and poor democracy, the ruling parties suffered losses or declines in the last election, according to an analysis by ABC News.

2024, an election year that toppled parties in power in many countries around

Abc News' 538 analysis of the democracy index was considered 5 out of 10.

The ruling parties' changes hit the political left and right.

Conservatives scored victories in countries and regions that included the United States, where former President Donald Trump won all battleground states in November's election; Portugal, where the center-right Democratic Alliance surged in March; And the EU Parliament, where more far-right members won seats in June's elections than ever before, bringing their total to close to a quarter of the legislative chamber.

The left took advantage of the public's dissatisfaction with power by scoring a surge in July's parliamentary elections in Britain, in which the ruling Conservative Party lost almost 20 percent of the vote compared to 2019. In South Korea, liberal opposition parties, led by the Democratic Party, took power in April's parliamentary elections.

In some countries, the ruling parties won elections but suffered a contraction of their parliamentary majority, including India, where Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party lost a full majority in parliament in June but retained power with the help of allies. Current parties in Japan, South Africa and France saw similar trends on their way to re-election.

Another trend is seen in less democratic countries, in which the ruling parties manage the party process by ensuring their desired outcome. In Rwanda, President Paul Kagame, who did not have a rival, won 99 percent of the vote. In Russia, President Vladimir Putin scored a resealable victory in the March election, which international observers said were not free or fair.

However, signs of dissatisfaction against power have been observed even in less democratic countries. In Bangladesh, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was re-elected in January in elections boycotted by the opposition, but by a smaller margin than before. Seven months later, the government was toppled in a popular uprising.

In Iran, where the final say on all state matters is supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, voters in the July election chose Masoud Pezeshkian, the more moderate presidential candidate, to replace Ebrahim Raisin, who died in a helicopter crash.

Why these changes?

Analysts say voters' frustrations are related to the state of the global economy, including rising living costs.

One of the few places where the ruling party succeeded was Mexico, where Claudia Sheinbaum, shortlisted by her predecessor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, easily won the presidency in June. Voters there expressed satisfaction with the economic situation, one of the few places with this trend, according to a Pew Research Center poll in June.

Another issue voters have faced in 2024 was the rise in the number of migrants in some countries and the continuing fallout from the pandemic period.

In addition, the findings of the pew research company survey reveal that democracy itself has become less attractive to voters, an indicator of citizens' disillusionment with power.

According to the February poll of residents of 24 democratic countries, while large majorities believe representative democracy is a "good" governing system, an average of 59 percent told pollsters they are unhappy with the way democracy works in their country.

2024, an election year that toppled parties in power in many countries around

In almost all countries surveyed, most participants said elected officials don't care about them. According to 42 percent of respondents, no party in their country adequately represents their views.

2025 will not be as big an election year as 2024. But the polls this year will determine whether anti-government bias continues to rise, or whether new factors will determine the results. Next year there will be elections in Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Canada, Japan, the Philippines and several other countries. /VOA

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