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The history of coffee: 50 curiosities about the world's most beloved drink

2022-08-15 18:37:21Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
The history of coffee: 50 curiosities about the world's most beloved drink
The history of coffee

It is the most popular drink (after water): Almost 1.6 billion cups of coffee are consumed every day in the world. Who were the first growers and the origin of the names. The lethal dose of coffee is about 100 cups. Why some monks asked Pope Clement 8 to outlaw this "Muslim drink" and what he said after tasting it. 50 facts about the drink that is consumed in every corner of the planet.

The history of coffee

The Arabs were not only the first growers of coffee, but also the first to start trading with it. By the 15th century, coffee was already growing in the Yemeni district of Arabia, and by the 16th century it had become popular in Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey. Coffee was not only drunk in homes, but also in many public cafes called kahve khaneh (cafés), which began to appear in cities across the Middle East. The popularity of the cafes was unmatched and people visited them for all kinds of activities. Without delay, they soon became such an important center for the exchange of information that the coffeehouses were often referred to as "Schools of the Wise." With the visit of thousands of pilgrims to the holy city of Mecca every year from all over the world, the word about the "wine of Arabia" - as the coffee was often called - began to spread beyond Arabia.

Coffee comes to Europe

European travelers to the Near East brought back tales of an unusual black drink. By the 17th century, coffee found its way to Europe and was becoming popular across the continent. Opponents were overly cautious, calling the drink "a bitter invention of the devil. "When coffee arrived in Venice in 1615, it was condemned by the local clergy. The dissent was so great that Pope Clement VIII was asked to intervene. Before making a decision, he decided to taste it himself. He liked it so much that he gave it his approval. Despite the controversy in the major cities of England, Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands, coffeehouses soon became centers of social activity and communication. In England, "one-penny universities" began to appear, ” so named because of the price of a penny with which a person could buy a cup of coffee and engage in enthusiastic conversation. By the 17th century, there were once around 300 coffeehouses in London, many of which attracted patrons of common interests, such as merchants, transporters and artists. Many businesses came out of these cafes.

The new world

In the mid-1600s, coffee was brought to New Amsterdam, a location the British later called New York. Although coffeehouses began to appear rapidly, tea continued to be the most popular drink in the New World until 1773, when settlers rebelled against the heavy taxes on tea imposed by King George. The revolt, known as the Boston Tea Party, would forever change America's drinking preference for coffee.

Plantations around the world

With increasing demands for this drink, there was fierce competition for coffee cultivation outside of Arabia. Although the Arabs tried hard to maintain this monopoly, in the latter half of the 17th century the Dutch finally succeeded in obtaining some sprouts.

Their first attempt to plant them in India failed, but they proved successful in Botavia, an island in Java that is now Indonesia. The plants flourished and soon the Dutch had a growing and productive coffee trade. Without delay, they expanded the cultivation of the coffee plant to the islands of Sumatra and Celebes.

The history of coffee: 50 curiosities about the world's most beloved drink

Spreading

In just 100 years, coffee was established as a commodity throughout the world. Missionaries and travelers, traders and colonists continued to carry coffee seeds to new lands and coffee plants were planted all over the world. Plantations were built across tropical forests and rugged mountain ranges. Some crops flourished, others did not live long. New peoples were founded on coffee economies. Great fortunes were made and lost. And by the end of the 18th century, coffee became one of the world's most profitable export fruits.

50 facts

1. According to a legend, coffee was discovered in the 9th century when an Ethiopian goatherd named Khaldi noticed that his goats were happier when they consumed red berries. Khaldi took the berries to a Muslim holy man, who turned the fruit of the coffee tree into a delicious drink.

2. Around the year 1000 some Arab traders brought back from their travels in Africa some coffee beans from which an exciting drink came out and from this they called it qahwa ("exciting"). From the Turkish word kahve in English "coffee", in Italian "caffè" and Albanian "kafe", the transition of the name that fast. But there are researchers who say that the name comes from Caffa, the area of ​​Ethiopia where coffee grows spontaneously. Coffee was distributed in Europe only in the 17th century under the provisional name "wine from Arabia", thanks to the Venetian merchants who lived in Istanbul. Initially, some Catholic churches described it as a "devil's drink" because of its exciting properties. They asked Pope Clement VIII to intervene. But before making the decision, he decided to taste it himself. He liked it so much that he gave it his approval. By the dawn of the 1700s,

3. Coffee was originally considered a medicine in Yemen and Arabia, and was taken only on the advice of a doctor. Many viewed coffee as a brain tonic, or as a way to stimulate religious visions.

4. The Arabs were the first to cultivate the coffee tree in the Arabian Peninsula. Arabs roasted and boiled coffee, or qahwa, which in Arabic is called "wine of Islam".

5. More than 500 billion cups of coffee are consumed each year, making coffee the most popular beverage in the world.

6. The only places in North America where coffee grows are Hawaii and Puerto Rico.

7. The first coffee house in the world was opened in 1475 in Constantinople, today's Istanbul.

8. When Khair Bey, the governor of Mecca, banned coffee in 1511 because he feared it might encourage resistance to his rule, the sultan executed him on the grounds that coffee was "blessed."

9. Coffee was imported from Arabia to Europe through Venice in 1600. While some monks asked Pope Clement VIII to outlaw this "Muslim drink", but before making the decision, he decided to taste it himself. He liked it so much that he gave it his approval. The Pope said that the drink was so good that it would be considered a sin if only pagans drank it. Until the dawn of the 1700s, when coffee turned into a meeting place for philosophers and enlightened people.

10. When the first coffee house opened in England in 1952, women were not allowed to enter, only to serve men.

11. A Belgian named George Washington invented instant coffee in 1906 in Guatemala.

12. A 2011 study showed that women who drank 2-3 cups of coffee a day had a 15% lower risk of developing depression than those who drank 1 cup a week.

13. Research has shown that coffee consumption can reduce cognitive decline with age.

14. The Arabs discovered coffee, but were jealous of their discovery and refused to let the fertile coffee seeds leave their country. However, the Muslim pilgrim, Baba Budan, smuggled 7 coffee seeds from Arabia and planted them in India. It is said that the world's coffee came from these 7 seeds.

15. There are two main types of coffee plant to produce coffee: -Arabic coffee originating in the Middle East, and -Robusta coffee, originating in the Congo.

16. The Dutch were the first in Europe to enter the coffee trade. They imported coffee plants from the Indian Coast to their colonies in what they called the Dutch East Indies, present-day Indonesia.

17. In 1715, Dutch coffee merchants presented the influential King of France, Louis XIV, with a coffee tree of his own. Millions and millions of other trees were planted from it, thanks to Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, who stole some roots of the first tree and cultivated it in other places.

18. A single coffee tree produces as many coffee beans in a year as a large bag filled with half a kilo of coffee.

19. It takes 3-4 years for a coffee tree to mature.

20. Light coffee has more caffeine than dark coffee. The longer the coffee is roasted, the more caffeine it contains.

21. Kafja u shpall ilegale jo një herë, jo dy herë, por tri herë nga tri kultura të ndryshme! E para ishte në Mekë, pastaj nga Çarlsi II në Evropë në një orvatje për të shuar rebelimin e vazhdueshëm, dhe hera e tretë ishte nga Frederiku i Madh në Gjermani në vitin 1677, i cili brengosej për implikimet ekonomike të daljes së parave nga vendi për të blerë këtë pije.

22. Industria e kafesë ka punësuar 25 milionë njerëz në botë.

23. Turqit i quajnë shtëpitë e tyre të kafes “shkollë për të zgjuarit”.

24. Çaji ishte më popullor se kafja në Amerikë deri kur Mbreti Xhorxh rriti taksat në vitin 1767. Rezultat ishte Festa e Çajit në Boston, një rebelim ku njerëzit e Bostonit ndaluan ngarkesat me çaj britanik në port. Që nga ajo kohë kafja u bë pije kombëtare amerikane.

25. Me më shumë se 4 miliardë pemë kafeje, Brazili është prodhuesi kryesor i kafes në botë. Brazili prodhon rreth 1/3 e kafes në botë. Pemët e kafes kultivohen në 70 vende, kryesisht në Afrikë, Azi Jugore, Azi Juglindore, dhe Amerikë Latine.

26. Efektet shëndetësore të kafes varen nga mënyra se si është përgatitur kafja. Konsumimi i kafes është i lidhur me sëmundjet koronare të zemrës.

27. Fjala “kafe” vjen nga arabishtja dhe mendohet të nënkuptojë “verën”. Të tjerë dijetarë besojnë se fjala kafe, vjen nga fjala Kaffa, një rajon në Etiopi nga ku mendohet origjina e kafes.

28. Për prodhimin e një sasie të konsiderushme kokrrash kafeje duhen 37 litra ujë.

29. 1/3 e ujit të çezmës përdoret për shërbimin e kafesë nëpër bare në Amerikën e Veriut.

30. Studimet kanë treguar se konsumimi i kafes redukton rrezikun e sëmundjes së Alzheimer-it, Parkinsonit, sëmundjet e zemrës, diabetin e tipit 2 etj.

31. 4 nga 5 persona në Amerikë e fillojnë ditën e tyre duke pirë kafe. Ata konsumojnë 450 milion filxhanë kafeje në ditë, ose më shumë se 150 miliard filxhanë në vit.

The history of coffee: 50 curiosities about the world's most beloved drink

32. Vendi ku konsumohet më shumë kafeja është Finlanda, me 12 kg në vit për frymë. Pas tyre vijnë amerikanët. Përveç amerikanëve dhe finlandezëve, dy vendet e tjera më konsumatore të kafes janë francezët dhe gjermanët. Këto tre vende konsumojnë 65% të sasisë totale të kafes në botë. Ndërsa vendi ku konsumohet më pak është Portoriko me 400 gramë kafe për çdo njeri. Mesatarja ditore në botë e konsumimit të kafesë është 1,3 kg në vit për njeri.

33. Kafja më e shtrenjtë në botë është ajo e Indonezisë Kopi Luak. Kokrrat e kësaj kafeje shiten për më shumë se 600 dollarë gjysmë kilogrami, apo 50 dollarë filxhani.

34. Sasia e kafeinës në kafe vare nga tipi i kokrrave të kafes, mënyra si piqen.

35. Në SHBA, më 29 shtator festohet Dita Kombëtare e Kafes. Në Kosta Rika më 12 shtator, në Irlandë më 19 shtator, në Japoni më 1 tetor.

36. Studimet kanë treguar se meshkujt që konsumojnë 6 apo më shumë filxhanë kafeje në ditë, e ulin rrezikun e kancerit të prostatës me 20%.

37. Tek të rinjtë kafja qëndron në gjak 10 herë më gjatë se sa tek një i rritur. Prandaj femrat shtatzëna konsumojnë një sasi të moderuar të kafesë në ditë.

38. Kafja përmban antioksidantë që parandalojnë radikalet e lira të dëmtojnë qelizat.

39. Një studim ka vërtetuar se kafja përmban më shumë antioksidantë se lëngu i rrushit, boronica e portokallet

40. Era e drurit të djegur është aroma më e njohur në Amerikë. Aroma e kafes është në vend të dytë.

41. Starbucks u hap në Siatëll në vitin 1971. Në vitin 2010, kjo kompani mblodhi 10 biliard dollarë fitime nga 16,850 dyqane në 40 vende, duke e bërë shitësen më të madhe të kafes në botë. Starbuck ofron më shumë se 87 mijë kombinime kafesh.

42. Dyqanet e kafesë Starbucks harxhojmë më shumë se 93 miliona litra qumësht në vit. Kjo është e barabartë me sasinë e ujit të përdorur në 155 pishina olimpike.

43. Emri Starbucks u inspirua nga personazhi i romanit Moby Dick.

44. Kafja ndihmon njerëzit për një jetë më të gjatë e të shëndetshme. Ajo përmban lëndë ushqyese të nevojshme që ndihmon konsumatorët në jetëgjatësi.

45. E gjithë kafja e prodhuar në planet formon një zonë të quajtur “Rripi i kafes”

46. Kafeina mund të vrasë. Por nëse pi mes 80 deri në 100 filxhan kafeje në një kohë të shkurtër (rreth 3 orë).

47. Kafeja ka të paktën 1000 komponentë kimike. Disa nga këto vazhdojnë të studiohen nga shkenca dhe mund të përdoren në të ardhmen për të kuruar sëmundjet kardiake dhe pagjumësinë. Por sipas disa studimeve të tjera, kafeja mund të mbajë në doza të vogla edhe disa substanca kancerogjene.

48. Një studim i vitit 2008 i Universitetit të Lund të Suedi tregoi që pirja e kafesë ul rrezikun e kancerit të gjirit, të paktën për gratë që kanë një variant relativisht të përbashkët të gjenit CYP1A2, që ndihmon të metabolizojë estrogjene dhe kafe. Ndërsa në vitin 2011 “Harvard School of Public Health” pas një studimi të bërë mbi 48.000 burra, arriti në përfundimin që pirja e mbi gjashtë filxhanëve kafe në ditë ul në 60% rrezikun e kancerit të prostatës. Studimi më i fundit thekson fuqinë e kafesë si në “antidepresiv”. Gjithnjë sipas “Harvard School of Public Health”, personat që konsumojnë nga 2 deri në 4 filxhanë të vegjël me kafe çdo ditë kanë 50% mundësi më pak të vetëvriten në krahasim me të tjerët.

49. Composer Johann Sebastian Bach liked coffee so much that he dedicated a cantata to it: "Kaffeekantate", played in Leipzig, Germany, between 1732 and 1735. While Beethoven was such a passionate coffee lover that he knew exactly 60 beans per cup of coffee, when preparing it. French playwright and novelist Honore de Balzac supposedly drank 50 cups of coffee a day to get inspired while writing. It's scary to think that the lethal dose is about 100 cups.

50. In ancient Arab culture, a woman could divorce her husband only if he did not like her coffee enough.

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