The New York Times has revealed how Iran is coping with pressure from the United States and the threat of a possible military conflict. The New York Times shows the rise of Ali Larijani, the country's top national security official, who has taken on a crucial role in governance and crisis management, including suppressing protests, dealing with allies such as Russia and Qatar, and negotiating nuclear weapons with Washington.
In early January, as Iran faced massive protests across the country and the threat of attacks from the United States, the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, relied on one of his most trusted and closest aides: Ali Larijani, the top national security official and a veteran politician.
Since then, Larijani, 67, a former Revolutionary Guard commander and now head of the Supreme National Security Council, has taken over the country’s practical leadership. His rise has overshadowed President Masoud Pezeshkian, a heart surgeon turned politician who has endured a difficult year in office and continues to publicly repeat the statement:
"I am a doctor, not a politician, no one should expect me to solve Iran's many problems."
According to interviews by The New York Times with six senior Iranian officials, three members of the Revolutionary Guard, and two former Iranian diplomats, Larijani has assumed numerous responsibilities.
He has led the violent crackdown on protests, kept any domestic discontent under control, coordinated relations with powerful allies like Russia and regional players like Qatar and Oman, and overseen nuclear negotiations with Washington. A large part of his job has also been preparing the country for a possible war with the United States, as American forces build up in the region.
"We are ready in our country," Larijani said during an interview with Al Jazeera in Doha, the capital of Qatar.
"We are stronger than before. Over the last 7-8 months, we have found our weaknesses and improved them. We do not seek war and we will not start it, but if it is forced upon us, we will respond," he added.
Khamenei has delegated to Larijani and a close group of loyalists major responsibilities for ensuring the survival of the Islamic Republic, barring attacks from the US and Israel, including any assassination attempt on the supreme leader himself. This group includes senior military advisers and other close officials, who would make decisions in the event that communication with Khamenei is cut off or he is assassinated.
Larijani comes from an elite political and religious family. He has served 12 terms in parliament and in 2021 was tasked with negotiating a 25-year strategic agreement with China worth billions of dollars.
According to officials and members of the Guard, Khamenei has appointed four layers of successors to every military command and government position he personally appoints. He has also required each leader to appoint up to four deputies and has delegated responsibility to a close group of loyalists to make emergency decisions.
During the war with Israel in June, Khamenei named three possible successor candidates, but they have not been publicly identified. Larijani is not among those candidates, as he is not a senior Shiite cleric, a basic criterion for a potential successor.
However, he is part of Khamenei's inner circle of loyalists, along with his top military advisor, former Guard commander Maj. Gen. Yahya Rahim Safavi, and Brig. Gen. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, a former Guard commander appointed by Khamenei as his de facto deputy for command of the armed forces during the war.
Larijani has also taken on the role of secretary of the National Security Council, and Khamenei has created a new National Defense Council, led by Ali Shamkhani, to manage military affairs during wartime.
Iran operates on the principle that American military attacks are inevitable and imminent.
The armed forces are on high alert. The deployment of ballistic missiles on the western border with Iraq, near Israel, and along the Persian Gulf coast, within range of US bases, is part of the preparations. The country has conducted missile tests and military exercises, including temporarily closing the Strait of Hormuz, a key point for global energy.
In public, Khamenei has maintained a defiant stance, warning that the world's most powerful military could receive a "blow" from which it will not easily recover, and has threatened to sink American warships in surrounding waters.
Experts say Khamenei is distributing power to his loyalists and preparing the state for major upcoming events, including the war and the possible aftermath.