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Macron changes nuclear doctrine: More nuclear warheads and planes with atomic bombs in some European countries

2026-03-02 20:05:27Kosova&Bota SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Macron changes nuclear doctrine: More nuclear warheads and planes with atomic
Emmanuel Macron

The French president has announced a change in France's nuclear deterrence policy: in addition to increasing the number of nuclear warheads, he also announced that French aircraft armed with atomic bombs will be able to be stationed in European countries that are willing to cooperate.

French President Emmanuel Macron has announced that his country will increase the number of nuclear warheads in its arsenal for the first time in decades.

Speaking on Monday at the L'Ile Longue military base in northwestern France, where the country's ballistic missile submarines are based, Macron said he had decided to increase the number of nuclear warheads from the current level of fewer than 300.

He did not specify how many would be added. "We will not communicate their number anymore," he specified.

This would mark the first increase in France's nuclear stockpile since at least 1992.

Macron said the move was aimed at clarifying the role of France's nuclear deterrent in Europe's security architecture amid what he described as growing global threats and uncertainty about U.S. security guarantees for European allies.

Macron also said France would allow the temporary deployment of its nuclear-armed aircraft in allied countries and announced that France, Germany and the United Kingdom would work together on "very long-range missile projects" as part of deeper cooperation on strike capabilities.

He spoke about the need for more nuclear warheads, in the face of Russia's war in Ukraine, the growing power of China, and changing US strategic priorities.

“The development of the defensive capabilities of our competitors, the emergence of regional powers, the possibility of coordination between adversaries and the risks associated with nuclear proliferation; all of these, after careful consideration, have led me to this conclusion: strengthening our arsenal is essential. I have ordered an increase in the number of nuclear warheads in our arsenal. To put an end to any speculation, we will no longer make public the figures for our nuclear arsenal, unlike what may have happened in the past. To be free, you must be afraid. And to be afraid, you must be strong. This increase in our arsenal is proof of this. Germany will of course be a key partner in this effort, the most ambitious in the spirit of the Aachen Treaty. The first phases of cooperation will begin this year and may include visits to strategic sites and joint exercises. Other countries have also accepted this dialogue. Beyond our British and German partners and friends mentioned "Now, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, Sweden and Denmark will join. This constitutes a genuine strategic convergence between our countries, capable of giving real depth to the defense of our continent," Macron said.

France is the only nuclear power in the EU.

Since the UK's exit from the European Union in 2020, France is the only remaining nuclear power in the bloc.

According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), France possesses 290 of the approximately 12,200 nuclear weapons worldwide, making it the fourth largest nuclear power after Russia, the United States and China.

The country has four nuclear-armed submarines, which can launch nuclear-tipped missiles with a range of about 10,000 kilometers.

France can also deploy nuclear weapons from the air. Its Rafale fighter jets can launch about 50 of the country's nuclear-tipped cruise missiles.

Officially, these have a range of about 500 kilometers.


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