Serbian hegemonic, colonialist and colonizing policies towards Kosovo

The publication "GEOPOLITICS, TERRITORY, CONFLICT", with the subtitle "Serbian hegemonic, colonialist and colonizing policies towards Kosovo and Albanians" by academic authors Hivzi Islami and professor Arsim Ejupi is a study based on a multidisciplinary approach to the general problems that have preoccupied Kosovo and Albanians over the years. 

This study is complete, supported by relevant literature and carried out in full accordance with modern scientific methodologies. The paper is very rich with data and specific facts from geopolitics, history, demography, economics, sociology and other fields related to territorial conflicts, wars and ethnic cleansing, especially in the Balkans, driven by Serbian hegemony, from which the Kosovo and the Albanians suffered the most.

According to the authors, in the 80s of the century In the 20th century, the Serbian government and the bodies of the former Federation used Macedonia as a model and testing ground for the repression, persecution and displacement of Albanians, mainly to limit their birth rate, reduce schooling in the Albanian language and general development, so that then apply them more easily in Kosovo! The Milosevic regime attacked the foundations of Albanian life by all means: through mass deportation and the disappearance of documentation in 1999. This regime wanted to dehumanize the entire Albanian community and sever any legal connection of Albanians with their geo-ethnic land, to completely destroy an ethnicity, a culture and a society.

"GEOPOLITICS, TERRITORY, CONFLICT"

In order to conclude the span of more than a century of rapid geopolitical developments in the Balkans and in particular in the Albanian lands, the authors in this publication also deal with the "correction of the Kosovo-Serbia border" and the new (old) ideas for the exchange of territories and populations between Kosovo and Serbia. Both projects and ideas belong to the mentality of the last century of hegemonic Serbia and all of them are in complete contradiction with the current reality, because they risk the undoing of the new state of Kosovo and its territorial integrity.

The authors Islami and Ejupi also deal with the so-called Franco-German Plan (the first version was presented on February 27, 2023, while the final one on March 6, 2023) and its implementation platform, which was accepted at the Ohrid meeting on March 18, 2023. These two documents are considered international agreements. "But not between Kosovo and Serbia. It is between Serbia and the EU and Kosovo and the EU, something completely unusual in a normalization process". This fact means that the obligations received are separate, Serbia's own and Kosovo's own! Some obligations of Kosovo have deadlines, while those of Serbia seem to have no deadlines! All that the EU and the USA require from Serbia is some "distancing" from Russia!

As a connoisseur and follower of geopolitical developments in the historical and current context, on a regional and continental scale, the authors do not leave aside without mentioning the latest developments after the Russian aggression in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, which affected the US-Russia, EU- Russia, East-West, just as the world order and relationships on a planetary scale changed. With this fascist plan of Russia, a new phase of the "neo-Sovietization" of Russia or a new geopolitical era like the "New Cold War" is starting, with a new Stalin or a new Hitler; the world is not what it used to be! The authors make an analogy and draw a parallel between Hitler of Nazi Germany and Putin of aggressive Russia, with a difference that Putin possesses nuclear weapons, with which he is threatening the entire planet, but he sowed the greatest fear in the former republics of the USSR -'s. But neither the West nor NATO had strong reactions when Russia invaded Crimea in 2014! Reactions and military and humanitarian support for Ukraine came only after February 24, 2022, when Putin's Russian ambitions came to light.

Arsim Ejupi and Hivzi Islami

Another special aspect of this study are the paradigms "Serbian World" and "Russian World", which are euphemisms for the realization of the expansionist goals of both states in the areas they once ruled: Russia in the former Soviet area and Serbia. in the area of ??former Yugoslavia and the Balkan region. As the authors point out, these are retrograde policies. This is observed in the region, where Serbia tends to rule Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia. And unfortunately, this policy has not yet received an adequate response from the Western powers.

In the following, the authors draw attention to the risk of damaging Kosovo's friendly relations with its allies, in particular with the USA. In this context, they caught Dobrica Qosiq, who said that "Kosovo does not return with a war." The only way to return Kosovo is when the anti-American climate takes root in Kosovo. When Albanians feel self-sufficient and nationalism to maintain and preserve power comes before the American and European strategy. Our services should work in Kosovo and build an image that imitates Milosevic's blind nationalism. When that moment comes, then the Serbian hope will rise"!

Some of the very complex problems that the authors of this publication deal with are borders and territorial conflicts and Serbian hegemonic, colonialist and colonizing policies towards Kosovo and other ethnic territories, as in the Balkans as a "powder keg" and the inability of the "Old Continent" to solving problems on one's own ground.

The issue of borders is dealt with in general and in concrete spaces, such as, for example, the border between Kosovo and neighboring countries, in particular with Serbia, including the debates about the exchange of territories between it and Serbia and the process of demarcation of the border between Kosovo and Montenegro. The topic of demarcation started and remained a false cause of some Kosovo Albanian political groups, and the border between Kosovo and Montenegro remained where it was drawn before February 15, 1947. For the non-resolution of this problem, the price was paid by the citizens of Kosovo, who remained isolated in the free movement in the EU space! The actual liberalization of the citizens of Kosovo happened only from January 1, 2024!

The topics in themselves that are treated in this study are demopolitics and geopolitics; Kosovo in the geopolitical and geo-population trends viewed in the historical and ethnic prism; the complicated context of a well-prepared war through the so-called "Southern Front" in the early 1990s; then external migrations and the geospatial and geopolitical context, etc. A part of the book is devoted to water as a source of conflicts and disputes, as well as cross-border cooperation of the Preševo ??Valley (advantages and geopolitical problems), as well as cross-border protection of nature in order to achieve and maintain peace.

The appendix provides selected parts of three documents on the basis of which one can understand the geopolitical reconfiguration and restructuring of the Balkan, European and world space after World War I and the Versailles Conference (1919): one that instigated ethnic wars and brought bloodshed massive ("Memorandum" of SANU, 1986); the second text in the form of conclusions from the well-known book of the author Margaret Macmillan, SixMonthsthatChanged the World, NewYork, 2001 ("Paris, 1919 - Six months that changed the world", Tirana, 2006), as well as the third, which is about " The famous "Fourteen Points" of US President Woodrow Wilson at the Versailles Peace Conference (1919). Attached to the appendix is ??an original text document from 1940 about Kosovo, drawn up by Mosha Pijade (1890-1957), as the fourth person in the state hierarchy of the former Yugoslavia. Pijade emphasized that the solution of the national movement in Kosovo "can be achieved by forming the Free Peasant-Worker Republic of Kosovo through the revolutionary overthrow of the Serbian fascist and imperialist regime". And at the very end, an overview of the literature of the sources, a summary in English and the index of names is given.  

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