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The fiftieth anniversary of the Albanian Spelling Congress

2022-11-26 12:14:56Pikëpamje SHKRUAR NGA REXHEP QOSJA
The fiftieth anniversary of the Albanian Spelling Congress
Photo published by Rexhep Qosja

Grand anniversary

The Albanian Spelling Congress, held in 1972, is the biggest event in the history of Albanian culture.

With its importance, with its multifaceted influences on the social, educational, cultural, spiritual life in general of the Albanian people, it enters the ranks of political, social, national, historical events that have moved it for 50 years, that move it forward in terms of cultural, which gives multiple meanings and elevates the life of this people.

Me njësimin e gjuhës letrare shqipe rregullat drejtshkrimore të së cilës janë paraqitur në Kongresin në fjalë, është përplotësuar, është pasuruar, është njësuar gjithëkombëtarisht identiteti i përtashëm dhe historik i shqiptarëve.

Emri i kongresit

Kongresi i Drejtshkrimit i Gjuhës Shqipe ka mundur të quhet edhe ndryshe, ndoshta më saktësisht, më përkatshëm për përmbajtjen dhe për qëllimin e tij: ka mundur të quhet Kongresi i Gjuhës së Njësuar Letrare Shqipe.

Po t’i shohim historitë e miratimit të gjuhëve të njësuara letrare të popujve të Ballkanit dhe të numrit më të madh të popujve të Evropës do të mësojmë se shumica e tyre i kanë quajtur gjuhë letrare, ose gjuhë të letërsisë, ose gjuhë të përbashkëta letrare, kurse ndonjëri prej këtyre popujve e ka quajtur edhe gjuha e njësuar shtetërore.

Why did the organizers of the Albanian Language Spelling Congress call it this and not like most Balkan and European peoples: Literary Language Congress?

It can be assumed, although a number of linguists and other intellectuals will probably disagree with this assumption, why they called it the Congress of Spelling of the Albanian Language and not the Congress of the Unified Literary Language because they hoped that this way they would avoid eventual disagreements with The Congress of the National Literary Language or the Congress of the Unified Literary Language or the Congress of the Common Literary Language, which could be much larger even during the Congress and not only after its end.

Although Orthography is the scientific support on which the unified literary language is built, in the minds of those who disagree with the fruits of the Congress, it allows disagreements, changes, additions, which the Congress of the Unified Literary Language would not allow.

The fiftieth anniversary of the Albanian Spelling Congress

The year of holding the Congress

The year 1972 is a year as if it were predetermined for the Congress of Spelling of the Albanian Language.

That is the year in which some general achievements in the Albanian lands, especially the achievements in the field of education, culture and science, seemed to be summarized and appeared more clearly.

Started in 1967, the educational, scientific and cultural relations between Albania and Kosovo were enriched and strengthened. Their influence on the nationwide mental, spiritual communications was manifold and very important.

A few years ago, Albania was freed from the suffocating relations with the Soviet Union, even with other European communist countries, and since 1972, it has been giving signs that it will also be freed from diplomatic and state relations with China.

A series of scientific and cultural institutions had been established in Albania, and on October 10, 1972, the Academy of Sciences of Albania was established, which increased the possibilities and joys of holding the Albanian Spelling Congress.

Kosovo, after the so-called Plenum of Briones in which the terror and violence of the State Internal Security (UDB) against Albanians were condemned, became autonomous with some rights that it had not had until then. The increase in its status, although, as we will soon be convinced, was only temporary, it was evidenced especially through the high educational, scientific and cultural institutions that were created. Besides the Institute of Albanology and the Institute of History, which were established a few years earlier, the University of Pristina and the Association of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo were established in 1975, in fact the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo.

If in 1968, at the Prishtina Scientific Consultation, the agreements with the revolutionary language reform that would take place in Tirana in 1972, could be mainly emotional and rhetorical, now, in 1972, they could be agreements, judgments, evaluations thinking. The intellectuals of Kosovo: albanologists, historians, linguists, ethnographers, folklorists, pedagogues at the University, in secondary schools, in education in general, were ready to understand and appreciate the present and the future of the national fruits, the historical importance of that the congress, which would be called the Albanian Spelling Congress.

With the new spelling, approved in that Congress, a major component was added to the ideal for which a number of them had suffered many years in Serbian and Yugoslav prisons for the future union of Kosovo and other Albanian countries with Albania, with Mother Albania.

Support with mind and heart since 1972, five days before the great day, November 28, when Albania was created, was support given to the Congress by all Albanians living in the former Yugoslavia: in Macedonia, in Montenegro, in the Valley of Preševo ​​and in a number of cities of other republics, such as in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Organizers of the Congress

Organizers of the Albanian Spelling Congress are the most prominent, most valuable Albanian albanologists, first of all linguists, historians, writers, intellectuals. Etc. Of all the albanologists, who dealt with different knowledge, which make up albanology, the linguists Eqrem Çabej, Mahir Domi, Shaban Demiraj, Androkli Kostallari, Jorgji Gjinari, Anastas Dodi, Lirak Dodbiba, Emil Lafe, Engjëll Angoni were mentioned as the most deserving. , Ferdinand Leka, Osman Myderrizi. Etc. The father of the Congress was actually Androkli Kostallari.

They, the linguists, will make possible the organization of that Albanian Language Spelling Congress first of all with their work, with their creative achievements in the various fields of linguistics, thanks to which the spelling of unified literary language that will be presented to the Congress, that will be examined and discussed at the Congress and that, finally, will bring the Draft Resolution and then the Resolution signed by 87 delegates of the Congress.

For all these reasons, those from the Albanian cultural, political and national opinion have been given all the credit for the creation of a unified literary language.

Despite their extraordinary merits for the creation of a unified literary language, the great linguists and Albanianologists who made it possible and organized that Congress are not its first ideologues. As pointed out by those in the Draft Resolution of the Albanian Spelling Congress, the foundations of the unified national literary language have been laid since the time of the Albanian National Renaissance. Namely: the initiators of the establishment of a unified literary language are the Renaissance.

They, the revivalists, will do their best, will make extraordinary efforts, to create political, cultural and social conditions for the creation of a unified literary language.

Ancestors of the Spelling Congress

The revivalists will therefore be the first to create the great idea of ​​a unified Albanian literary language.

They, the revivalists, will make continuous efforts to build the national consciousness of their compatriots, which will make them supporters, seekers, even admirers of the unified national literary language.

They will try to free their compatriots from the spiritual and political dependence of two Balkan centers and one European center that had a very big and very long influence on their minds and hearts: influence for their own interests and not of Albanians.

They will make constant efforts to convince their compatriots that instead of foreign languages, instead of Latin, Italian, Greek, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, which were the languages ​​of the so-called social, economic and political elite he used them in writing and communication, to write and speak in the national language - in the Albanian language.

They will make continuous efforts to collect, publish and popularize quantitatively and qualitatively the folk literature and folklore treasure in general. And they will achieve this.

They will make continuous efforts to discover, make known and study the historical tradition with its glorious figures, starting first with Gjergj Kastriot - Skenderbeu. And they will achieve this goal successfully.

They will make continuous efforts to create national literature, Albanian literature, and they will also achieve this goal with works written and published first in their colonies in Romania, Egypt, Bulgaria, Turkey, Italy, Belgium, America and the Motherland.

They will make constant efforts to educate the people and to create a common national alphabet, after a significant number of private alphabets that some of the renaissance had created. And they will achieve this very important goal with the organization of the Congress of Manastir in 1908.

They will make efforts to create the first political, social, state institution and they will achieve this goal with the creation of the Albanian League of Prizren and then the Albanian League of Peja.

They will make continuous efforts to create the Albanian national state. And they will realize this great ideal on November 28, 1912 in Vlora.

And, thus, the revivalists created the political, social, cultural, educational, economic, national conditions for the preaching and creation of the unified literary language, which will be done in 1972.

Jeronim de Rada created his own literary language.

Dhimitër Kamarda proposed the creation of a common scientific language, unrelated to the vernacular!

Konstantin Kristoforidhi published some of his writings in Toskrit and Gehrish, in Elbasan.

Jani Vreto wrote, as he says, "mixedly", but mostly in Greek, while he wrote the new words in Toskrit and in Greek.

Naim Frashëri and Sami Frashëri, although they wrote in Turkish, created many new words based on the lexical and phonetic form of Greek.

In the letter that Jeronim De Rada sent, Sami Frashëri writes that "writing should serve the survival of the Albanian language and the unification of dialects" because, he says, "many languages ​​and dialects bring division and exile".

Luigj Gurakuqi wrote: "we solved the issue of the abe, and now we will try to come to an agreement on the issue of orthography, which is of great importance for the establishment of an Albanian literary language".

Faik Konica wrote: "Only the Albanians don't have such a language, that's why they have remained separated from each other, that's why so much bad news has flowed for us poor people. It is necessary to lay the foundation of a literary language".

Asdreni wrote: "I feel that after establishing a general primer, it remains and feels necessary to give a direction to the language as well, uniting the two Toskë and Gegë dialects."

Hilë Mosi wrote: "This is how we are going slowly, but with time, that our language arrived with a simple, chaste and prosperous speech, but also with such a beautiful literature, that they have one among the best among the languages ​​spoken in the Balkans".

And others and others.

Today's thoughts on the Spelling Bee Congress

It has been said that the life of every great event and the life of every great idea is at the same time their drama.

This is evidenced by the life of the Albanian Spelling Congress.

In addition to the well-known support given to it by the largest number of Albanians - intellectuals, scientific researchers of all fields, the Congress of Spelling even today, fifty years after its holding, is disputed by a number of individuals. Disagreements with the fruits of this Congress are dialectical disagreements and political disagreements.

Some of the first dissenters say that it should be based on Greek because Greek has some historical advantages, while others say that Greek should be represented more than it is represented in the Spelling adopted in that Congress.

The second dissenters say that the Spelling Congress was a product of communist politics, that is, of the communist dictatorship, therefore it cannot be accepted.

The third dissenters say that Kosovo has become a state, that the Spelling Congress has made them second-class citizens, that Kosovars will become a nation, therefore the state of Kosovo and the Nation of Kosovo must have their own literary language, their own language standard, its own state language.

Let it be said that all these disagreements today, 50 years after the Congress was held, echo as divisive, separatist disagreements, which undermine its nationwide unifying role.

I call it luck for today and the future of Albanians why the Albanian Spelling Congress was held at the time it was held. If it had not been held then, of course, with the agreement and even the support of the leaders of the national state institutions, its opponents would probably never have allowed it to be held!

With it, with its spelling, the standard Albanian language was created, a unified, common Albanian literary language.

With it, with this Orthography, in fact with this Unified Literary Language, all Albanian creators - writers, scientific researchers, publicists and others are given the opportunity for their writings to be read and understood by all compatriots, all compatriots without the smallest or biggest obstacles they might have when writing in one of the dialects.

With it, with this Orthography, in fact with this Unified Literary Language, all Albanians, all compatriots, all citizens, regardless of which dialect they belong to, are given the opportunity to get along more easily, without restrictions when most visible and sometimes more invisible that they had when communicating in local dialects or languages.

With it, with this Orthography, in fact with this Unified Literary Language, the Albanian culture and civilization are equated in all points of view with the cultures and civilizations of the peoples who from time to time boast of the mental, artistic, scientific and philosophical fruits of have given to humanity in the national literary language, which was their state and diplomatic language.

With it, with this Orthography, in fact with this Unified Literary Language, a major value of human rights is very significantly established in the social, cultural, national and international life of Albanians: the equality of dignities is established.

With it, with this Spelling, in fact with this unified literary language, Serbia's attempt to divide the Albanians into two nations is forever buried: in the nation of, as she says, the Albanians that make up Albania, and in the nation of Albanians , actually to the shiftarians, as he contemptuously called us, who make up the Kosovar nation, Kosovo!

Unfortunately, some of our compatriots in Kosovo and Albania are continuing the efforts to create the Kosovar nation, that is, the division, the division of Albanians into two nations. But it is very certain that those efforts will fail completely. Albanians, wherever they are, were, are and will be forever, forever One Nation, while Albania and Kosovo are one State.

And with it, with this orthography, with this unified literary language, which we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of, the present and the future of the Albanian nation have been given the most important ingredient that enriches, expands, strengthens and elevates it. , makes the spiritual, cultural, political and ethical cohesion of the Albanian Nation eternal.

We live in a time of historical rise of the Albanian people.

This privilege that has been given to our generation obliges us to be aware of it and to do all that is necessary and all that we can with our mind, with our knowledge, with our power, with our community, to build it in all the views of that historical rise that would be witnessed especially with the growth and enrichment of our culture and civilization.

Let's not forget that all great eras are great thanks to their culture and civilization and their universal and universal language, such as our unified literary language, the great anniversary of which we are also marking with this scientific conference. .


Në përputhje me standarded JTI

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