After two weeks of tension with American operations and Israeli attacks, several critical points have emerged, some predicted but underestimated by Donald Trump, others related to the variables of any war.
Strait of Hormuz
The US president's main problem is ensuring free passage through the Strait of Hormuz. For now, the Iranians decide who can pass safely.
It doesn't take sophisticated weapons to block transit through this narrow corridor; drones, mines, missiles, small canoes are enough to create a blockade. Sometimes, just the threat is enough.
The US seeks a coalition of allies, but the response is often rejection or increased caution, because any involvement means entering directly into the conflict.
Experts say that, in addition to clearing the area of mines, the Pentagon must neutralize Iranian units along the coast and within the immediate territory.
The US command recalls that ships and over 100 patrol boats have already been sunk. However, the director of the International Maritime Organization, Arsenio Dominguez, warns that no convoy guarantees 100% security, and military measures are not a sustainable long-term solution.
The idea of an attack to capture Khargone, Iran's main oil export terminal, has also been mooted. Experts point out that, in all likelihood, losses must be calculated, and that the process of clearing the area of mines in the 1990s took months.
Nuclear program
Damage has been caused to several facilities of Iran's nuclear program. The goal remains to control 400 kilograms of enriched uranium, needed to build a bomb.
According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the material is located in the Isfahan bunker. To retrieve it, special forces accompanied by experts in handling the material would be needed. Experts warn of the complexity of such an operation and the role of the Revolutionary Guard should not be underestimated.
Iranian scientists have not completely disappeared, although Israel has eliminated some of the best and has intervened with cyberattacks and sabotage. However, the knowledge has not been lost, and the attacks could push the regime to continue its nuclear projects.
Military arsenal
Israel warns that the attacks could take 3-4 weeks to destroy Iran's military industry, including factories for kamikaze drones, long-range missiles and rocket fuel.
Despite the damage, Iran continues to use Shahed drones and has expanded fronts with allied militias, using what critics call a “strategy of chaos.” Expanded Israeli maneuvers in Lebanon and the threat from the Houthis in the Red Sea are also causing concern.
allies
Iranian actions have disrupted the lives and economies of the Sunni monarchies of the Gulf, especially the Emirates and the iconic city of Dubai. The presence of American bases has not provided protection and has created tensions.
The monarchs are discussing the defense model, relations with Washington, and policy toward Tehran.
At the same time, Iran cannot ignore the economic consequences, as Dubai is of great importance for trade and finance./ Corriere della Sera