40 years ago, on April 26, 1986, at exactly 1:23 a.m., a nuclear reactor exploded in Chernobyl, Ukraine. The accident had massive environmental consequences, not only in parts of the then Soviet Union, but also in Northern, Central, and Southeastern Europe.
The radioactive cloud over Chernobyl spread rapidly towards Belarus and Russia and two days later reached Scandinavia, Poland, the south of the Federal Republic of Germany and the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). Poisonous rain also fell in Romania and Bulgaria. Radioactive clouds spread over the entire northern hemisphere within a few days.
Poisoned foods
Since the GDR leadership did not publish the measurement values ??for possible radioactive contamination of vegetables and milk, these goods could no longer be exported and were sold domestically. "The shops have never been more crowded than they were then," witnesses recall today. The contaminated food was then distributed to school canteens, says physicist and former GDR human rights activist Sebastian Pflugbeil. Pupils whose parents had watched the news on "Western television" and had told their children about the possible contamination did not touch the food. To the delight of the "ignorants", who were suddenly allowed to eat two or three portions. Officially in the GDR it was said that there had never been any health risks, says Pflugbeil.
Information blockade
A similar policy was followed in other communist countries. In Bulgaria, after the disaster, an information blockade was imposed for days. Paraskeva Ninova, a doctor and professor who supervised all hospitals in Bulgaria at the time, told of secret instructions to ward heads: children should no longer be given fresh milk and salad in clinics - these were the first protective measures against increasing radioactivity. But they were not broadcast to the public. Even the May 1 demonstrations in Sofia took place under the falling radioactive rain.

In Romania, many had heard about the disaster through Western stations Radio Free Europe and Deutsche Welle, but no one was able to assess the risks. It was not until May 2 that Romania officially recommended washing vegetables and fruit thoroughly - and keeping children mostly indoors. Iodine tablets or liquids against radiation were distributed to kindergartens and schools throughout the Eastern bloc in early May.
Unresearched consequences
There is still no reliable data on the number of victims or the health consequences of the disaster. In the early years, it was forbidden to keep records of the victims, the amount of nuclear radiation and possible illnesses. "There is no reliable data, the figures were manipulated," says Pflugbeil. The World Health Organization (WHO) says that around 8,000 people died in the disaster, half of whom died from the harmful effects of radiation./ DW