Swiss authorities have decided to open secret files on notorious Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele, known as the “Angel of Death” of the Auschwitz camp, after decades of denial to historians and researchers. However, the Swiss Federal Intelligence Service has not yet given a concrete date for the publication of the documents.
Josef Mengele was a Nazi SS doctor at the infamous Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland. He selected prisoners for the gas chambers and conducted cruel experiments on children and twins. It is estimated that around 1.1 million people died at Auschwitz, most of them Jews.
After World War II, Mengele escaped from Europe using false Red Cross identity documents and settled in Latin America. He was officially believed to have spent the rest of his life in South America, until his death in Brazil in 1979.
But historians have long suspected that he may have secretly returned to Switzerland even after an international arrest warrant was issued for him in 1959. Swiss historian Regula Bochsler uncovered documents showing that Austrian intelligence had warned Swiss authorities in 1961 that Mengele might be on Swiss territory under a false identity.
According to her, Mengele's wife had rented an apartment near Zurich airport, while Swiss police had placed the area under surveillance.
Historian Gérard Wettstein sued Swiss authorities after being denied access to the files, which were classified until 2071 for national security reasons. After public and legal pressure, Swiss intelligence finally agreed to open the documents, although researchers fear that large parts of them may have been censored.
The decision has brought back attention to Switzerland's role during and after World War II, as well as doubts about whether authorities turned a blind eye to the possible presence of one of the most wanted Nazi criminals.