The Artemis II mission completed a historic seven-hour flight near the Moon, marking humanity's first return to the Moon since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972 and capturing images of its far side.
After completing the lunar survey, the Artemis II crew was congratulated by President Donald J. Trump.
"Today, you have made history and made all of America really proud, incredibly proud. We have a lot of things to be proud of lately, but this is... there is nothing like what you are doing, orbiting the Moon for the first time in more than half a century and breaking the absolute record for the greatest distance from planet Earth," Trump told them as he invited them to the White House.
Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch, along with CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, set the record for the greatest distance from Earth ever reached by a human, surpassing Apollo 13's distance of 406,771 kilometers.
As the Orion spacecraft passed behind the Moon, they lost signal for about 40 minutes.
While flying over the far side of the Moon, the crew photographed and described terrain features, including impact craters, ancient lava flows, and surface cracks and ridges formed as the Moon slowly evolved over time. They also observed changes in color, brightness, and texture, which provide clues that help scientists understand the composition and history of the lunar surface.
The crew experienced an "Earthset," the moment when the Earth disappeared below the lunar horizon as Orion traveled behind the Moon, and an "Earthrise" when the ship emerged from the other side of it.
As the lunar observation period ended, the crew experienced a solar eclipse that lasted nearly an hour, as the spacecraft, Moon, and Sun aligned. With a view of the mostly darkened Moon, the crew analyzed the solar corona — the Sun's outermost atmosphere — as it appeared around the edge of the Moon.
During the eclipse, the crew had the opportunity to observe some rare phenomena that are only visible on the far side of the Moon. They reported six bursts of light created by meteoroids hitting the lunar surface while traveling at thousands of miles per hour.
Scientists are already eagerly awaiting these images, along with many others taken during the flyby. Once the lunar data is downloaded from the spacecraft overnight, scientists will analyze the images, audio, and other data to better determine the timing and location of the explosions, and will seek input from amateurs who were observing the Moon at the same time.
After this journey that no words can describe, the Artemis II astronauts are now on their way home.
The return journey will take about four days, with landing in the Pacific Ocean, near the west coast of the US, expected at 8:07 p.m. Eastern Time on April 10.
Crews will retrieve the astronauts from the water by helicopter and take them to a nearby US Navy ship.
According to NASA, they will undergo medical checks aboard the ship as they return to Earth.