Four astronauts of NASA's Artemis II mission entered the moon's gravitational sphere of influence early Monday morning, traveling on a trajectory that will soon take them over the far, dark side of the moon, becoming the humans to fly the farthest from Earth in history.
The Artemis II crew, who have been flying the Orion capsule since launching from Florida last week, are expected to wake up at about 10:50 a.m. Eastern Time on Monday, the sixth day of their flight. By 7:05 p.m., they will reach their maximum distance from Earth of about 252,757 miles, about 4,102 miles further than the record held by the Apollo 13 crew for 56 years.
NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch, along with Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, as they approach this record, will fly around the far side of the Moon, observing it from about 4,000 miles above its dark surface as it eclipses the Earth, which will appear like a basketball in the distant background.
The moment marks the culmination of the nearly 10-day Artemis II mission, the first crewed test flight of NASA's Artemis program. The multibillion-dollar program aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface by 2028, ahead of China, and establish a long-term American presence there over the next decade, building a base on the moon that will serve as a testing ground for future missions to Mars.
The lunar flyby, which officially begins at 2:34 p.m. ET, will plunge the crew into darkness and a temporary communications blackout, as the Moon will block connectivity to NASA's Deep Space Network, a global network of large radio antennas used for crew communications.
This flight will last about six hours, during which astronauts will use professional cameras to take detailed photographs through Orion's windows, capturing the Moon in silhouette and a rare scientific view of sunlight crossing its edges, creating the effect of a lunar eclipse.
They will also have the opportunity to photograph a rare moment when their planet, Earth, appears above the lunar horizon as their capsule emerges from the other side, a "reversed" version of the Moonrise seen from Earth.
A team of dozens of lunar scientists, stationed in the Science Assessment Room at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, will take notes as the astronauts describe their views in real time, as they are trained to study a variety of lunar phenomena in preparation for the mission.