In the first major theological document of his pontificate, Pope Leo XIV has issued an urgent global call for the regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Through the encyclical titled "Magnifica Humanitas" ("Magnificent Humanity"), the Holy Father warned that technology is fueling world conflicts and insisted that its control should not remain in the hands of "a few."
In a move that broke with centuries-old tradition, the first American pope personally presented the 235-page document at the Vatican, accompanied by Chris Olah, co-founder of the renowned AI company, Anthropic.
Drawing on the biblical narrative, Pope Leo XIV warned that with the uncontrolled development of AI, humanity risks building a "Tower of Babel," an attempt to create a single power that dominates and ultimately "devalues humanity."
The Pope called for technology to be subject to “strict legal frameworks and independent oversight,” protecting jobs and the dignity of the person. He sharply criticized currents such as “transhumanism” and “posthumanism,” which seek to blur the boundaries between humans and machines.
“We cannot consider Artificial Intelligence as morally neutral,” the Pope writes. “Every technical tool embodies choices and priorities through what it measures, ignores or optimizes.”
Beyond technology, the encyclical touches on the profound crises humanity is going through. Pope Leo XIV declared that the early Christian doctrine of “just war” is now obsolete, emphasizing that military force can only be used for “self-defense in its most rigorous sense.”
According to him, the use of weapons has catastrophic consequences for civilians and "building a world in a state of permanent conflict is an evil that must be named as such." This stance comes after verbal clashes with the administration of US President Donald Trump and statements by Vice President JD Vance, who had asked the Pope to "be careful when talking about theology," following the Vatican's harsh criticism of the joint US-Israeli attacks on Iran.
The date of the document's signing, May 15, 2026, is no coincidence. It coincides exactly with the 135th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII's encyclical "Rerum Novarum" (1891), which defended the rights of workers during the Industrial Revolution. The current Pope emphasized that "Magnifica Humanitas" aims to respond to another industrial revolution, that of artificial intelligence.