The European Union's law enforcement agency, Europol, today issued a warning about criminal networks using cyber surveillance to incite terrorist acts and violence.
"The groups target, primarily, vulnerable children and young people and force them into extreme acts of violence," according to a report by the agency.
The groups are like cults, as they are organized around charismatic leaders and use deception and other means to make their followers obey and become dependent on the group.
"Members must share videos that show extreme violence or sex," the agency said, adding that the more content members share, the higher they rank in the group.
"These criminal or violent extremist groups compete against each other to share the most violent content," he said.
"The spread of extreme content serves as a tool to desensitize vulnerable people, with the aim of breaking social norms and normalizing violence against corrupt minors and directing them towards future violence," Europol said in a statement, in The Hague.
He said EU authorities had identified cases where members had caused serious injuries and murder.
These acts were often linked to communities with violent right-wing extremist ties.
"Their leaders advocate the collapse of modern society through acts of terror, chaos and violence, spreading ideologies that inspire mass shootings, bombings and other acts of terrorism," Europol said.
Europol said victims are sought on gaming platforms, streaming services or social media.
"The most preferred targets are particularly vulnerable minors between the ages of 8 and 17 – especially LGBTQ+, racial minorities and those struggling with mental health problems, such as depression and suicidal ideation," Europol said in a statement.