
A wave of protests by high school students has spread across France, starting in the poor suburbs of Paris and spreading to other cities in the country.
Students and their supporters are protesting against poor conditions in schools, overcrowding in classrooms, and a lack of teachers and support staff.
More than 1,200 high schools have been involved in the protests this week, while authorities have arrested over 5,000 people.
In some cases, police have used tear gas and rubber bullets. There are also reports of protesters being injured, including people with eye injuries, broken teeth and blows to the head.
The protests began in the suburbs of Paris, where poverty levels are highest, and then spread to Paris and cities such as Marseille, Strasbourg, Tours and Lille.
In Aubervilliers, north of Paris, students at the Le Corbusier high school said that schools in poorer areas face more difficult conditions than the rest of the country.
Maisa, 17, who aims to become an English teacher, said that last year she had to take the French exam without a subject teacher.
"These are not conditions for studying," she said.
Another student, 15-year-old Amelia, protested with a banner that read: “Our address should not decide our future.” She demanded that students from the suburbs have the same rights and opportunities as students in other parts of France.
Teachers and support staff are lacking.
In the Seine-Saint-Denis department, two-thirds of high schools took part in protests on Thursday, according to the CGT union. Students, teachers and parents in several towns denounced inadequate conditions in schools and a chronic shortage of staff, including teachers, nurses and social workers.
At the "Le Corbusier" high school, several classes, including math, humanities, English and physical education, have been canceled since the beginning of the school year due to a lack of teachers, according to a parent representative.
According to a union survey, there are unfilled teacher positions in two-thirds of the schools in this department.
Teacher Dilan Roche, who joined students in the protest in Pantin, said that classrooms are overcrowded and there is a lack of nurses and social workers, creating problems especially for students with learning difficulties and those living in precarious economic conditions.
Education budget increases by 1.7%
The protests come at a sensitive time for the French government, which has announced significant spending cuts in its draft budget for 2027.
The education budget is expected to increase by 1.7%, to 65.53 billion euros, excluding teacher pensions. Education Minister Edouard Geffray has stated that education remains a priority, while linking the below-inflation increase to the decline in population.
Interior Minister Laurent Nunez has described the clashes with police as an "unacceptable climate of violence" and has called for the restoration of order.
According to data from the Ministry of Education, the average expenditure for a secondary education student was 11,660 euros in 2024, up from 11,910 euros in 2010.
Education experts compare the current movement to similar-scale protests by French students in the 1990s, when demands for greater education funding led to increased funding.
Political scientist Ulysse Rabate, from Paris 8 University, said the protests show that marginalized urban neighborhoods are increasingly influencing the national political debate.
As the protests continue to spread, student demands have focused on funding schools, reducing class sizes, and filling vacant positions for teachers and support staff.