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Being the first or second child can affect your health, study finds

2026-08-17 21:54:03Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

The order in which children are born may be linked to a higher or lower risk of developing certain diseases, according to a new study that suggests the impact of birth order is much broader than previously thought.

Researchers analyzed data from more than 10 million people who came from two-child families and found significant links between birth order and 150 different diseases, including psychiatric disorders, digestive problems and other illnesses. The study was published in the journal Nature Health.

According to the results, firstborn children are more likely to face neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), as well as allergies related to the immune system.

They also exhibit a higher risk for Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), acne, and asthma.

Meanwhile, second-born children are more prone to substance abuse, gastrointestinal problems, and certain infectious diseases, such as herpes zoster.

Why are these changes happening?

The study authors explain that these differences are likely caused by a combination of physiological, immunological and social factors.

For allergic and respiratory diseases, such as hay fever, eczema, and asthma, firstborns have a higher risk because they do not benefit from early exposure to the microbes that other children in the family receive later.

Younger siblings are exposed from an early age to a greater variety of microorganisms brought into the home by the older child. This early contact helps the immune system develop better tolerance and regulation.

The study also found that this protective effect is stronger when the age difference between children is smaller, supporting the theory that direct sharing of microbes plays an important role.

As for the higher risk of substance abuse in second-borns, researchers believe that social factors play a role. These children may model the behavior of their older siblings, while previous studies have suggested that later-born children tend to take more risks in their behavior.


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