2026-10-20 20:15:00Aktualitet SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

In Tirana, Paris, Milan and Brussels, youth protests have brought almost identical images: people in masks and black clothing, throwing stones, bricks and bottles at the police, while damaging public and private property, burning trash cans, destroying billboards and road signs, vandalising bank facades, breaking ATMs and looting businesses along the road, which for them represent power and money.

There is actually a term for this modus operandi: “black bloc.” It is not a political organization or group, but a protest tactic, where participants dress in black and cover their faces with scarves, hoods, or helmets, and sometimes carry sticks.

According to various analyses, the "black bloc" tactic serves three primary purposes: avoiding identification by security cameras, creating the illusion of a larger crowd, and protecting against police equipment, such as tear gas and pepper spray.

It first emerged in West Germany in the 1980s from anarchist movements during evictions from squatted buildings in Berlin. Germany even passed a law in 1985 banning the face covering. Similar bans exist today in Austria, Spain, Denmark and many other European countries.

However, the world learned the name of the "black bloc" on November 30, 1999. In Seattle, United States, "black bloc" groups broke the windows of McDonald's, Nike, Gap, and several banks during protests against the World Trade Organization.

In the United States, anti-mask laws are even older: they can be traced back to 1845, when masked farmers attacked law enforcement in New York State. During the 20th century, many other American states passed anti-mask laws, mainly to combat the racist group Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

And within the "black bloc" tactic, there is also an unwritten rule that scholars speak of: violence against people is taboo, except when it is a response to police violence, while damage to property, especially symbols of the oligarchy, is legitimate.

Moreover, many activists criticize the use of the “black bloc” tactic because violent clashes dilute the peaceful nature of the protests. According to them, the images of chaos attract all the attention of the mainstream media, shifting the public’s focus from the core message and demands of the protest to the scenes of violence.


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