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Who are the protected witnesses and associates of justice?

2023-05-07 18:00:06Aktualitet SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

Who are the protected witnesses and associates of justice?

They have confessed to serious crimes. They have shown the names of criminals. They took people who were considered untouchable to prison.

They have turned into collaborators sometimes out of fear for their lives and sometimes to benefit from protection from the state. But in some cases they also took risks.

They have been de-conceived and have become the object of assassinations. And some others, aware that they will be discovered, have risked leaving the protection program as well. Some have even come out.


These are protected witnesses and associates of justice.

"Justice witness" is the person who, in the capacity of a witness or an injured person, makes statements or testifies about facts and circumstances, which constitute the object of evidence in a criminal proceeding and who, because of these statements or testimonies, is in a state of danger.

While "Collaborator of justice" is a person who is serving a criminal sentence or is a defendant in a criminal proceeding for crimes committed in cooperation, who is in a state of danger, due to cooperation with justice, statements or testimonies about facts and circumstances , which constitute the object of evidence in the same criminal proceeding or in a related proceeding.

The growing interplay and conspiratorial complexity of organized crime has made increasingly clear the detective force of the criminal police sector to keep the underworld under control.

The introduction of associates of justice into the system has been an important element to fight organized crime.

The statements of any justice associate constituted extraordinary data to be managed carefully. It is equally true that the continuity and acuity necessary to cope with a criminal organization whose strength is based on secrecy rests solely on the contribution of associates.

It is necessary to foresee the legal, defined norms, which are also characterized by the reward of the collaborator, when he provides numerous and true data.

The confessions of the penitents, in addition to leading to the discovery of many crimes, are evidence of how crime has functioned and continues to function in Albania.

The penitents of justice

PETRIT LICHI

THE PENITENT WHO CONDEMNED THE LUSHNJA GANG

The story of associates of justice who turned "repentant" began with Petrit Liči, a member of the Lushnja gang. His confession led the associates of the gang behind bars with heavy penalties, while he himself was sentenced to 7 years in prison.

For the first time in the Court of Serious Crimes, the repentant justice Petrit Liçi, confessed in detail about the terrible events of the Lushnja gang, led by Alfred Shkurti, otherwise known as Aldo Bare.

The clarification of the crimes committed by the members of the Lushnja gang would probably not have been possible if Petrit Liçi, one of the accused, had not "betrayed" his former colleagues. The defendant, as a participant in some of the crimes committed by the gang, agreed to cooperate with the Police and the Prosecutor's Office after he was arrested and charged with a series of criminal offenses.

The evidence obtained from him served not only to clarify the crimes, but also to guide the investigation in the direction of identifying evidence and witnesses that shed light on a series of criminal episodes that occurred in Lushnja.

Petrit Liçi, one of the first people from the ranks of criminal organizations who agreed to cooperate with justice, was tried and sentenced together with his former friends Dritan Vila, Maksim Çela, Erion Cici, Leonard Prifti (deceased), Erion Kashari, Elton Mermali, Enver Dondollaku.

ADRIATIC COLI

THE PENITANT WHO CONDEMNED THE DURRIS GANG

Another associate, member of the Durrës gang, Adriatik Coli, who turned repentant. In dozens of closed-door hearings at the Serious Crimes Court, Coli gave details of the gangland murders, some of which he played the role of executioner. The cooperation reduced his life sentence to just 10 years in prison.

The criminal gang, with joint leaders Lulzim Berisha and Klodian Saliu, has been operating since 1994 in the city of Durrës. While she was responsible for a number of murders that occurred in Durrës and Tirana, from 1998 onwards.

After the murder of Klodian Saliu, the organization that was established under the direction of Endri Dokles started revenge and many other murders were recorded.

BUJAR BUZANI

THE PENITENT WHO CONDEMNED THE PERPETRATORS OF THE ÇERRIKU MASSACRE

In 2008, the Office for Witness Protection, at the request of the prosecution, decided to defend the defendant Bujar Buzani, who has agreed to tell the event of March 1997. An event where in an ambush organized by the defendants, 6 were killed employees of the Guard of the Republic and 16 others were injured in the town of Cërrik. In his testimony, Buzani has shown almost the entire organization of the ambush up to the killing and rape of the corpses of the guards in Cërrik by the defendants in this process: Llazar Bicja, Met Bozi, Arjan Toska, Roland Sota (Xhepexhiu), Alban Toska, Skender Cani, Tomorr Buzani, Entel Gashi and the repentant Bujar Buzani himself.

JULIAN SINANAY

THE HIRE KILLER WHO TURNS REPENTANT

Ndriçim Gjokona and then also Julian Sinanaj, accused as a hired killer in the trial against the Tritoli gang, accepted cooperation. During the process, Julian Sinanaj withdrew from three criminal episodes, which he spoke about earlier. Aid to justice saved him from life in prison, but recanting some of the evidence meant he didn't get the minimum sentence. He was eventually sentenced to 30 years in prison.

Ndriçim Gjokona became an associate of justice since January 2014. He repented together with Julian Sinanaj, who was arrested immediately after him, after being tracked by the police after Gjokona's testimony. Gjokona blamed him for fear of eliminating him. Both agreed to confess to a series of crimes that occurred in Tirana, Vlora and Durrës during the years 2012-2014.

The two convicts of justice were the armed wing of a criminal group of 7 members, who were accused by the Serious Crimes Prosecution of murder for hire, acts for terrorist purposes, production and sale of explosives and participation in a structured criminal group. .

The seven defendants were accused of the murder of Sokol Veizaj and Agron Çela, the assassinations with tritol against the officials Ardian Kollozi and Besnik Dervishaj, as well as the planning of the eliminations for two builders from Vlora and for the gas businessman in Tirana, Pirro Bare.

Through their testimonies before the prosecutors, the two penitents, Sinanaj and Gjokona, have served the Prosecutor's Office with information about the criminal underworld in the city of Vlora and the conversion into businessmen of some people with a dark past in this city.

MIKEL SHALLARI

THE KILLER OF ARTAN CUKUT WHO DISCOVERED THE ORDERER

Mikel Shallari, the executor of the former chief police commissioner, Artan Cuku, also became an associate of justice. After admitting the crime, he told the prosecutors the name of the person who ordered the murder, Bledar Jambelli. Thanks to this cooperation, the killer of a former senior police officer was sentenced to only 10 years in prison.

On the evening of April 8, 2017, around 8 o'clock in the evening, Artan Cuku had just left a minimarket and was returning home. The killer, Mikel Shallari, was waiting for him in front of the "Melrose" palace, on Rruga e Kosovare, in Tirana, where Cuku lived. Shallari was accompanied by his cousin, Kristaq Leci, who was waiting at the grassy field nearby and was guiding him remotely by means of text messages.

When Artan Cuku came out of the minimarket and appeared in front of the author, heading to the entrance of the palace, Mikel Shallari positioned himself on the stairs, in the interior. The moment Cuku appeared in front of him, the author shot him at once with two pistols.

Artan Cuku survived the bullets and tried to enter the elevator, but the killer followed him and shot him there as well. Cuku did not fall, got out of the elevator and tried to fight physically with the author. But there he got the fatal blow. Mikel Shallari shot him in the head.

On June 12, 2017, Mikel Shallari expressed his willingness to cooperate with justice and signed the cooperation agreement with prosecutor Henrik Ligori. The day before, during his questioning, he gave detailed statements regarding the crime committed and his accomplices. In the role of organizer and pusher, whom he identified as Bledar Jambelli, also known as Rikardo Muho and Gerti Kajo, also known as Kristaq Leci, the latter the son of Shallari's uncle.

CHRIST PINE

THE REGENT MURDERER TAKING ORDERS FROM PRISON

Kristi Pine, who received orders from prison, from Admir Tafili, turned penitent and confessed to several crimes. Pine revealed that he executed citizen Ibrahim Mani in his backyard. Pine committed this murder on June 25, 2014, and based on his statements, Tafilaj asked him to commit it on behalf of a family with whom Mani had a feud. After the murder in Shkodër, which Pine admits was the first in his life, he was asked by the other co-defendant Alfred Qefalia to kill the citizen Edmond Çakmashi in Shkoza, Tirana. For this murder, Pine says that Admir Tafili from the prison was also aware, who insisted on committing the murder and would receive the amount of 15 thousand euros.

Pine told the Prosecution that he did not want to kill him but only to injure him. For this fact, he requested the amount of 7500 euros, but it was not given to him. In September 2017, Tafili's group received heavy sentences from the court, while the repentant justice, Kristi Pine, was spared life imprisonment and the jury decided to put him behind bars for 10 years.

ERNJET SHYTI

THE PENENT WHO DISCOVERED THE AUTHORS OF BEHAR SOFISA'S MURDER

Ernejt Shyti, the 26-year-old suspected author of the murder of Behar Sofia, on February 25, 2021 in Tirana, has become remorseful and has agreed to cooperate with justice, giving shocking testimony in the Special Court.

Shyti has stated that the same people who commissioned him to kill Sofia, asked him to commit another murder in Germany. He has indicated that he would kill a 34-year-old man and for this he would be paid 500,000 euros. The people who asked him to commit this murder, told him that he would get the money from "Bajlozi", who he claims he did not know.

Ernejt Shyti has shown details of Behar Sofia's murder, from the ordering, preparation and organization. For this event, Skënder Vathi, Leonar Xhixha, Xuljano Visha and the penitent himself are in prison.

Ernejt Shyti has admitted the crime and the fact that he was limping before committing the crime with the intention of not being identified and caught by the police. Experts from Great Britain have seen that the killer appears waiting for the target while limping, saying that he improvises this walk and has no problems.

NUREDIN DUMANI

THE PENITENT WHO INDICATED THE ORDERERS OF THE MURDERS

The "killer" who was arrested in March 2022 in Fier, Nuredin Dumani, immediately repented. Together with the other detainee, Henrik Hoxha, he confessed to crimes committed and other crimes ordered but not carried out.

On the evening of March 29, 2022, the State Police structures completed the police operation coded "Escape", during which one of the most wanted persons, suspected of several murders, was arrested.

Around 22:25, in the "Apollonia" neighborhood in Fier, citizen Nuredin Dumani was located and arrested. His arrest was considered a great success for the Police, since in addition to being one of the most wanted, he also became an associate of justice.

Thanks to his testimony, in May of last year, another operation was carried out, codenamed "Golden Bullet", which brought many names of the world of crime to the scene. Murders carried out by order and others that were not carried out.

WHITE ELVIS

THE REPENTANT MURDERER WHO BROUGHT ARDIAN ČAPJAN TO PRISON

The testimony of the repentant killer, Elvis Bardhi, resulted in the life imprisonment of Ardian and Florenc Çapjen for the murder of Gentian Beqiri and his father, Neziri in 2012 in Elbasan. Olsi Leku was also sentenced to life imprisonment. As for Ervis Bardhi, associate of justice in this process, the court gave 15 years in prison. The Special Court sentenced Klaidi Dokoli and Etien Çani to 25 years in prison.

Ervis becomes regretful of justice after his fingerprints were left on the vehicle he used to leave the place where he killed Gentian Beqir with his father. The arrest of Ardjan Çapajas on the morning of March 29, 2021 came after the testimony given a year ago by the repentant, who has admitted that he was the one who pulled the trigger of the gun that killed Gentjan Beqiri in his sleep. Meanwhile, Florenca Çapja is still wanted as she is accused of ordering the murder of two people, father and son.

MIKLAR TOLA

DISCOVERED THE MURDER OF A GIRL BY HER BROTHER'S FATHER

Miklar Tola, the person who helped the prosecution of Tirana to solve the murder of Eglantina Buci, which happened in 2012, has stated that the perpetrators are Shkëlzen and Faik Buci. In the session held in the Court of Tirana, Tola stated all the statements he made before the Prosecutor's Office.

The murder of Eglantina Buci in 2012 in Malin me Gropa was revealed thanks to the protected witness, who was present at the moment of the young woman's execution. Shkëlzen Buci, Eglantina's brother, and Faik Buci, the girl's father, are accused in this case.

Investigations into the incident began in 2017, when Shkëlzen Buci was arrested. He was accused and sentenced for the attempted murder of actor Mishel Prela. One of the accused for the attempted murder of Prela was the friend of Shkëlzen Buci, who was present at the murder of Eglantina Buci. This person, who today is a protected witness, told the police the whole event of 2012 in Malin me Gropa.

RACE WARRIOR

THE UNAUTHORIZED MURDERS OF VAJDIN LAME AND KLODIAN SALIU ARE REOPENED

Luftar Reçi, a convict who turned into an associate of justice, with his testimony given in the Special Prosecutor's Office, opened serious problems to well-known names of the underworld in Albania, operating in Tirana, Durrës and Vlorë.

Reçi, sentenced to 25 years in prison by the Burrel court, for the murder of Aleks Lala, has shown in three confessions, on October 21, October 31 and November 26, 2020, all the criminal activity he had with Lulzim Berisha and members others of his gang.

In order to escape a 25-year prison sentence, Luftar Reçi claimed that on the day of the crime and at the time of the crime, he was with his Bulgarian girlfriend in Tirana and not in the village of Shkopet, where the murder and subsequent burning of Alex's body took place. Lala.

After receiving his sentence in 2008, Luftar Reçi was imprisoned in the high security prison of Burrel, Peqin and in Drenova, Korça. Reçi is currently in prison and has already acquired the status of associate of justice, where he benefits from other privileges while serving his sentence.

Luftar Reçi was able to testify in the Special Court, after several failed sessions, in the process where the defendants are Emiljano Shullazi, Viktor Imeri, Lulzim Berisha and other members of the Durrës gang, accused of murdering businessman Vajdin Lame and Klodian Saliu in 2005. His testimony was given after the court's decision on mandatory escorting of Reç although he claimed to feel endangered.

ENVER JAMAKU

TESTIFIED ABOUT 20 ARMAMENT DEPOTS IN TIRANA

Enver Jamaku, after his arrest in February 2020, agreed to cooperate with justice by confessing his involvement in criminal events. His statements led to the arrest of 9 people, two others were declared wanted, and nearly 20 weapons depots were discovered in Tirana.

Jamaku was sentenced to prison by the Court of Tirana, after being found guilty in connection with an episode that occurred in February 2020, which is not related to the criminal event for which he became "repentant" of justice.

Enver Jamaku is also being investigated as the author of at least two failed assassination attempts with explosives in the capital, the one against businessman Gjon Mena, in February 2021 in Kamëz, as well as against Domart Konjar in October 2019, where his brother-in-law, Artion Bylyku, was injured. .

Fatmir Vladi

THE PROTECTED WITNESS WHO WAS ATTEMPTED TO KILL HIMSELF

Fatmir Vladi, or known as Arben Ndoka after he received the status of a protected witness, was the person who linked Arben Frokun to the murder of Chief Commissioner Dritan Lamaj in 2013.

His true identity was revealed by the defendant Arben Frroku himself. On September 26, 2014, Frroku made a statement from detention 302 saying that the protected witness in the process against him was called Fatmir Vladi.

Meanwhile, earlier, on September 15 of the same year, the protected witness had escaped an assassination attempt with explosives, which had been planted in his car. During a check at a service station on "Don Bosco" street, a quantity of explosives was found in the car owned by Fatmir Vlad, this was also confirmed by the official statement of the Police on the same day. But the discovery that Arben Frroku, the suspect in the murder of Kombinati commissar Dritan Lamaj, made for the first time to the name of the protected witness, would also reveal the connection with the placement of tritol in the Volzvagen vehicle with license plates AA 750 GT.

At that time, the Internal Control Service launched investigations to identify those who revealed the identity of the protected witness. At the center of the discussions was the release of the investigative secret, which put the life of the person in danger, who is the "key" witness to the murder of Chief Commissioner Dritan Lamaj.

ROMEO KARA

THE PROTECTED WITNESS WHO EXPOSED THE CEZ AFFAIR

The man who exposed the CEZ affair, the OSHEE lawyer, is now on the defensive. Romeo Kara, a key witness in the court process against businessman Kastriot Ismailaj, was initially taken under protection by the police in 2016 and then received the status of a protected witness.

A threatening phone call received on the phone of the OSHE lawyer caused the police to take him and his family into custody. Romeo Kara has represented OSHEE - in the Arbitration, where Ismailaj's company, DIA, sought compensation in the amount of 135 million euros, for unilateral termination of the contract.

DIA had acquired the right to collect the debts that businesses and families had during the OSHEE years. But this, according to the Prosecutor's Office, turned out to be a fraud scheme, where Ismailaj stole 5 million euros from the state budget.

Meanwhile, Elvis Mataj was put under police protection in 2016, after he claimed to have facts and evidence that would shed light on the CEZ-DIA scandal, where it was about a pure fraud scheme in the collection of CEZ debts.

In fact, he never received the status of collaborator or witness of justice, as the Prosecution did not consider his testimony of much interest to the process.

Police protection was guaranteed to him due to suspicions that his life was in danger, after the testimony he had given in the Arbitration Court. He had confessed his tense relationship with the businessman Kastriot Ismailaj and the threats that the latter had made to his life. There is currently no information on Elvis Mataj's whereabouts, but according to evidence he is outside Albania.

PROTECTED WITNESSES

HOW THEY ARE KEPT AND WHAT THEY BENEFIT AFTER THE AGREEMENT

The concept of collaborators and witnesses of justice was introduced in our country in 2004. Concretely, this concept was introduced in March of that year, when the Court for Serious Crimes was created. Year after year, legal changes, acts, additions and instructions were made, until a law was adopted that is still in force today. Already, since 2009, Albanian justice uses witnesses, or remorseful perpetrators, to clarify various criminal events.

Law 10173 decreed on October 22, 2009 by former president Bamir Topi "On the protection of witnesses and associates of justice", in its 31 articles, the benefits of someone who benefits from the status of a penitent are specified in detail.

In cases of obtaining the status, he, as well as the family, enjoy benefits like never before. Income for the family, security guards paid by the state, accompanying family members or children in state cars in cases where he is the head of the family. The penitent himself does not have the same conditions in prison as other convicts. The witness protection program provides not only the guarantee of the life of the person and his family, but also housing, financial treatment, medical treatment, education and even psychological treatment.

The movements of the person taken into custody and his family members are carried out under the observation and accompaniment of the agents of the witness protection office. For special cases, when the degree of risk is assessed as high, the shelter of the person taken under protection and his family is also realized abroad. The financial treatment of persons taken under protection is another obligation of the state towards these persons.

TERMINATION OF PROTECTION

TERMINATION OF CONTRACT AND REMOVAL FROM THE PROGRAM

The General Prosecutor has the right to propose the admission of one or several persons to the defense program. In the case of the associate of justice, the proposal is accompanied by the description of the conditions of cooperation with justice, which will become part of the defense agreement.

The General Prosecutor's proposal for the acceptance of one or several persons in the protection program, together with the basic information, are filed with the Directorate of Protection of Witnesses and Associates of Justice, which also performs the functions of the technical secretariat.

In the shortest possible time and in any case, no later than 10 days from the date of approval of admission to the protection program, the directorate prepares the agreement for the implementation of the program and takes measures for its discussion and signature with the witness, the associate of justice and other protected persons.

The protection program may be terminated by the commission in the following cases:

- If during the investigation and trial of the criminal case, it is proven that the witness or associate of justice makes false statements or testimonies or, for whatever reason, does not give the statements or testimonies, for which admission to the defense program was allowed;

– If the protected person commits a criminal offense intentionally;

- If after the start of the implementation of the protection program, reasonable and well-founded data are provided about the involvement of the protected person in criminal activity, undeclared by him;

– If the witness, associate of justice or other protected persons do not respect the obligations mentioned in the protection agreement or the conditions of cooperation with justice;

– If an authority of another country requests the termination of the protection program implemented in the territory of that country.

ARBAN KICJA

THE PROTECTED WITNESS WHO LOST STATUS

The members of the Lushnja gang were convicted not only by the testimony of the repentant Petri Liçi, but also by the statements of the protected witness Arben Kicja.

Arben Kicja has testified in the process against Aldo Bares through a video conference. In his testimony, he confessed that he was shot in 2003 by a member of the Lushnja Gang. After gaining the status of a protected witness, he said that Aldo Bare also participated in the murder of Hysni Demiraj. Precisely for this testimony, he fears a possible revenge from the people whom he has accused of very serious crimes.

But in 2015, Kicja appeared at the General Prosecutor's Office, claiming that he was threatened with death, while demanding that his status as a witness be restored, which was revoked after he broke the agreement.

Arben Kicja: "We should have been integrated. We have been where we are for 5 years and we are not integrated. Which means, we are without a liaison officer, we are in the middle of the road. We had no contact with the office, especially in the last 6 months. They kicked us out of the house there. We have not had any kind of contact with the office. We have documented it with messages, with videos... To sentence people to life imprisonment..."

The Ministry of the Interior clarified at that time that the witness Arben Kicja, who testified against the Lushnja gang, lost his status after violating the agreement with the Albanian state by knowingly breaking the established rules more than once.

YLVI BEQJA

THE PROTECTED WITNESS WHO TOOK EMILJANO SHULLAZIN TO PRISON

Businessman Ylvi Beqja, protected justice witness for the "Shullazi" case, is one of the accusers for "fines" of Emiljano Shullazi and his co-defendants. His testimony was crucial in the Serious Crimes trial that ended with the defendant's guilty plea. The court gave a total of 55 years in prison for them.

He also gave statements about an investigation launched against Emiljano Shullazin by the Prosecutor's Office of Tirana for the charge of "money laundering". Beqja gave explanations regarding the suspicions raised about illegality during the registration of the ownership of the former hotel "Vollga" in Durrës, a part of which was transferred to Emiljano Shullazi, or about financial transactions carried out for this purpose.

Currently, this property is under preventive seizure. But in addition to the knowledge of Shullazi's actions, the protected witness Beqja also gave statements as a person under investigation, since his name is part of the same investigation for "money laundering" initiated by the capital's prosecution.

Beqja obtained the status of protected witness for the testimony given against Shullazi, the main evidence of the prosecution in the process against him and the group in Serious Crimes.

Emiljano Shullazi: "But why do we want to stay in prison according to you!? I ask for the floor.. (intervenes the judge who gives the floor to Emiljano Shullazi). The prosecutor cited the minutes of the 7th, but we can say whatever we want. Did we prevent you from coming to work, on duty? We have no hostages. I don't agree with you. I have said it once again and I will say it again, so that the observers who are here can hear it. When you resign, or when the judge resigns, because I can't judge, put my head against the wall, when the judge says that I can't judge? Your resignation is understood. I will make a decision, what do you mean, is it unfair? It is untrue Ylvi Beqja, when you said in the confiscation decision that you blocked this property because I took it from Ylvi Beqja with difficulty? I have new evidence to present to the lawyer, how do you spoil those proofs for me? As for what decision you will make, you have no choice, on the 1st I made that decision, on the 6th you make another decision... Then, where did the Court find out about the file? On the 6th, you received the appointment in the appeal, on the 7th you came with us??"

But two years ago, on November 24, 2021, when the hearing for Shullazi and his group was being held in Apel, Ylvi Beqja returned to Albania, carrying out actions that risked removing the status of witness of justice.

With a letter that the director of that time, Idajet Faskaj, sent to the former chief prosecutor of SPAK Arben Kraja, and the former director general of the Police, Gladis Nano, presented information on the issue of the protection program for Ylvi Beqjan.

motion

Protection measures are followed in implementation of decision No. 21, dated November 7, 2016 of the Commission for the Evaluation of Protection Measures for Witnesses and Associates of Justice for the citizen, Ylvi Beqja, with the status of "associate of justice" and his family.

Pursuant to this decision, the Protection Agreement was drawn up with the aforementioned citizens, who, after being familiar with the conditions, limitations and measures to be taken, accepted and signed it. Currently, 8 people from this family are in the protection program.

Based on the importance of this witness, the serious danger posed by the criminal group for which this person cooperated with justice, the Directorate has taken all appropriate measures in a serious and consistent manner, as well as followed the procedures provided for in the law.

After continuous communications of the Directorate to find a possibility of relocation of the defense program, it was agreed with the country X, for a temporary relocation until its finalization in another country, with which the negotiations had started.

The protection program was temporarily moved to State X, in February 2019, and after the conclusion of the agreement with State "Y" and the achievement of favorable conditions and circumstances, they were relocated on September 20, 2021 to State "Y" where are currently located.

During the period of his stay in our country, the protected person committed continuous and repeated violations, which contradicted the protection agreement signed by him personally and the holder.

Violations of the person in the protection program have been reported to him as well as to the Committee for the Evaluation of Protective Measures, as well as to the General Director of the State Police.

Something very important stands out in the document. It is emphasized there that from the period included in the Protection Program, November 2016 - November 2021, the direct expenses for this program are in the amount of about 839 thousand Euros or 60% of the budget spent for the 65 people included in the Protection Program for this period 4 - year.

Involvement in the defense program, as we have seen, has a fairly high financial cost. But as can be seen in the last case, there is a possibility that, despite all of this, there will be other costs.

Some witnesses are debunked by the state structures themselves, and some others debunk themselves by choosing not to obey. The consequences in both cases can be fatal. For each testimony there is a cost that the state bears. Despite this cost, this program has been evaluated as successful, guaranteeing its continuity and expansion.

It seems that the fight against crime will be a never-ending game, with and without rules. It will be attacked from all sides. But it will be important that the initiative to remove it is on the right side. Even with the help of collaborators and witnesses that cost hundreds of thousands of euros./Abcnews


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