
Sam Woodhouse - BBC
Brigitte Bardot, who passed away this Sunday at the age of 91, left her mark on the cinema screen because she overturned the rigid way 1950s cinema portrayed women, becoming a symbol of a new era of sexual liberation.
On screen, she was a French cocktail of playful charm and continental sensuality. A journalist once called her “the princess of provocative lips and the countess of inviting seduction,” an image she herself would later detest.
Mercilessly promoted as a hedonistic sex symbol, Bardot felt disappointed in her ambition to be taken seriously as an actress. She eventually abandoned her career to devote herself to animal rights advocacy.
Years later, her reputation was severely damaged when she made homophobic statements and was fined several times for inciting racial hatred. Her son sued her for emotional damages after she said she would have preferred to “give birth to a puppy.”
This conflict with her son left a scar on the memory of the icon who, at her peak, put the bikini, female desire, and French cinema on the map.
Brigitte Anne Marie Bardot was born in Paris on September 28, 1934.
She and her sister, Marie Jeanne, grew up in a luxury apartment in the city's most expensive district.
Her Catholic parents were wealthy and devout, and demanded high standards from their children.
The girls' friendships were strictly controlled. They have said that on one occasion, when they broke their parents' favorite vase, they were punished with a whip.
During the German occupation of Paris in World War II, Bardot spent most of her time at home, dancing to music played on gramophone records.
Her mother encouraged this interest and enrolled her in ballet classes at the age of seven.
Her teacher at the Paris Conservatory described her as an exceptional student, and she won several prizes.
The life of a "jeune fille"
But Bardot found this life stifling for her. At the age of 15, she would later recall, "I was looking for something else, something more fulfilling for myself."
A family friend convinced her to pose for the cover of Elle magazine, the leading women's magazine in France, and the photos became an instant sensation.
At that time, models had short hair, carefully matched accessories, and wore finely tailored jackets and silk evening gowns.
While Brigitte's hair flowed freely over her shoulders. With the ballerina's slim and athletic body, she didn't look at all like the other models.
Photographed in new and modern clothing, she became the personification of the new style of "jeune fille", the young girl.
At the age of 16, she was the most famous cover girl in Paris.
Her photographs caught the attention of director Marc Allégret, who asked his assistant, Roger Vadim, to find her.
The first appearances on screen were not successful, but Vadim, six years older than Brigitte, continued to promote her first as his darling and then as his fiancée.
They began an intense relationship, but when Bardot's parents found out, they threatened to send her to England.
Roger Vadim, her "wild wolf"
In response to her parents' threat, she attempted suicide, but was discovered and saved at the last moment.
Brigitte was madly in love with the young director.
He seemed like a "wild wolf."
"He was looking at me, scaring me, pulling me, and I didn't know where I was anymore," she later explained.
Under this pressure, the parents gave in, but forbade them from marrying until Brigitte turned 18.
Once this deadline passed, the couple headed to the altar.
Becoming an icon
Vadim began managing Bardot to transform her into the star he believed she could become.
He sold their wedding photos to Paris Match and taught her how to behave in public.
It helped her find small roles in about a dozen small films, usually playing girl characters who brought feminine love to the screen but were simultaneously innocent and seductive.
But by 1956, she was mainly famous for her bikini photos, a garment then banned in Spain, Italy and most of the US because it was considered on the verge of decadence, but also for her photos with her somewhat more liberated "beehive" hairstyle.
Then came peroxide, the hair bleach that transformed her into an irresistible blonde and landed her the role that made her a star.
That year, Vadim's first film, "And God Created Woman," was released in Paris. It failed financially in France but caused a storm in the United States.
In a place accustomed to Doris Day, Bardot was a shock.
Her character pursues sexual desires unabashedly, just as men do. She dances barefoot in a trance, her skin glistening with sweat and her hair flowing freely.
Her lack of inhibitions and shame causes the collapse of social order; outside the cinema the reaction was just as strong.
Filozofja ekzistencialiste Simone de Beauvoir e përgëzoi atë si ikonë të “lirisë absolute”, duke e ngritur imazhin e Brigitte në nivel filozofik.
Por shumica moralizuese e amerikanëve u mobilizua. Filmi u ndalua në disa shtete dhe gazetat e dënuan atë si një vepër të degjeneruar.
Për publikun, Bardot si aktore u bë e pandashme nga personazhi që luante. Paris Match e etiketoi si “imorale nga koka te këmbët”.
Kur Bardot u arratis bashkë me partnerin e saj në film, aktorin Jean Louis Trintignant, imazhi i saj si një femër libertine e shfrenuar u bë i pashmangshëm.
Ajo u divorcua nga Vadim, i cili reagoi në mënyrën tipike franceze.
“Unë preferoj më mirë të kem një grua të tillë”, tha ai, “edhe duke e ditur që është e pabesë, sesa të kem një grua që më do vetëm mua dhe askënd tjetër”.
Ai vazhdoi të punonte me Bardot, dhe më pas jetoi me Catherine Deneuve dhe u martua me Jane Fonda.
Nënë pa dëshirë
Në vitin 1959, Brigitte, pas disa lidhjeve dashurie, u martua me aktorin Jacques Charrier, me të cilin luajti në “Babette shkon në luftë”.
Çifti pati një djalë, Nicolas, por Bardot e urrente shtatzëninë: shpesh e godiste veten në bark dhe i lutej mjekut për morfinë që të shkaktonte abort.
“E shikoja barkun tim të sheshtë dhe të hollë në pasqyrë si një mik të dashur mbi të cilin po mbyllja kapakun e arkivolit”, do të shkruante më vonë.
Pas divorcit të pashmangshëm, i biri Nicolas nuk e pa nënën e tij për dekada.
Ai e paditi Bardot për dëme emocionale kur ajo botoi autobiografinë, ku deklaronte se do të kishte preferuar “të sillte në jetë një këlysh qeni”.
Por tashmë Brigitte ishte aktorja më e paguar në Francë, dhe disa sugjeronin se ishte më e vlefshme për tregtinë e jashtme sesa industria franceze e makinave.
Dhe ajo çfarë dëshironte më shumë ishte të merrej seriozisht si aktore. “Nuk kam pasur shumë mundësi të luaj”, ankohej ajo, “kryesisht më është dashur të zhvishem”.
Ajo filloi të tërhiqte vëmendjen e regjisorëve më të respektuar europianë, duke fituar vlerësime kritike në dramën e fuqishme të Valës së Re të Jean Luc Godard, Le Mépris.
Megjithatë, cilësia e filmave të saj mbeti e diskutueshme, sidomos kur punoi jashtë Francës dhe në Hollywood.
Një martesë e tretë me një milioner gjerman u pasua nga një sërë lidhjesh, edhe pse, në mënyrë të pazakontë, ajo refuzoi Sean Connery.
Ajo regjistroi dhjetëra disqe, përkrah Serge Gainsbourg dhe Sacha Distel.
Me Gainsbourg regjistroi këngën provokuese “Je t’aime… moi non plus”, (Unë të dua… unë jo më) por iu lut më vonte të mos e publikonte.
Një vit më vonë, ai e regjistroi sërish këngën me aktoren britanike Jane Birkin. U bë një hit i madh në gjithë Europën, ndërsa versioni i Bardot mbeti i fshehur për 20 vjet.
Aktiviste për të drejtat e kafshëve
After nearly 50 films, she announced her retirement from cinema in 1973 to devote herself fully to animal protection.
"I gave my beauty and youth to men," she said. "I will give my wisdom and experience to animals."
She raised 3 million francs, around £300,000 at the time, to establish the Brigitte Bardot Foundation, by auctioning off her jewellery and film memorabilia.
Bardot, or BB as she was known in France, led the campaign against the annual seal hunt in Canada and made enemies of some of her French compatriots by condemning the consumption of horsemeat.
She became a vegetarian, attacked the Chinese government for "torturing" bears, and spent hundreds of thousands to sterilize stray dogs in Romania.
A turbulent end to a turbulent life
In recent years, she was prosecuted several times for inciting racial hatred.
She objected to the way the Islamic and Jewish faiths slaughter animals for food.
But the way he expressed his criticism was inexcusable and illegal.

In 1999, she wrote that “my homeland has been invaded by an overpopulation of foreigners, especially Muslims.” This earned her a heavy fine.
She then criticized interracial marriages and insulted gay men, who, according to her, "shake their butts, raise their little fingers, and in small, castrated voices complain about what horrible heterosexuals do to them."
Bardot appeared in court so often that, in 2008, the prosecutor declared that he was "tired" of prosecuting her.