The pro-European party of Moldovan President Maia Sandu is on course for a clear victory and a new majority in parliament, in elections seen as crucial to the country's European future.
Sandu had warned of a "massive Russian intervention" after the vote, saying the future of Moldova, which borders Ukraine and Romania, was at stake.
Her party, the Action and Solidarity Party (PAS), secured 50% of the vote with a majority of 1.6 million votes counted, well ahead of the pro-Russian “Patriotic” electoral bloc, which received less than 25%. Voter turnout was over 52%, higher than in recent years.
One of the main opposition leaders, Igor Dodon, had declared victory even before the results were announced and called for protests in front of parliament on Monday.
The last elections in Moldova were much closer, but it has now become clear that Sandu's party is on track to secure another majority in the 101-seat parliament.
Four years ago, the president's party won with 52.8% of the vote, and according to the latest results, it is now expected to secure 54 seats in parliament.
To form the government, it will not need the support of other parties such as the Alternative bloc or the populist "Our Party" party.
In a sign of the tension surrounding the election, bomb threats were reported at polling stations in Italy, Romania, Spain and the US. Similar alarms were also reported in Moldova itself, and three people were arrested on suspicion of organizing riots the day after the vote. The leader of Sandu’s party, Igor Grosu, blamed Moscow-backed criminal groups for Sunday’s incidents and called for “patience and calm” to allow the election process to proceed normally.
Moldova also has a pro-Russian breakaway region, Transnistria, along the border with Ukraine, where there is also a Russian military presence. The territory's residents hold Moldovan passports, and many have opened in support of Moscow.
Socialist Party leader Igor Dodon stated that there were "every kind of obstacle and concern to prevent them from voting."
Moldovans have been strongly affected by Russia's war in neighboring Ukraine, but they also face rising prices and high levels of corruption.
President Sandu, 53, who won her second term last November, warned Moldovan citizens that the future of their democracy is in their hands:
"Don't play with your vote, otherwise you will lose it all!"
Dodon, one of Sandu's main rivals, immediately went on national television as soon as the polls closed to claim that his pro-Russian allies from the Patriotic Electoral Bloc had won the election – although there were neither exit polls nor official first results.
Thanking Moldovans for “voting in record numbers,” Dodon called on the PAS government to resign and urged supporters of all opposition parties to take to the streets on Monday to “defend” their vote in front of parliament at noon.
“We will not allow destabilization,” he promised. “The citizens have voted. Their vote must be respected, even if they don’t like it,” he added, addressing President Sandu and her party.
One of the parties in Dodon's bloc was expelled from the elections two days before the vote due to suspicions of illegal financing.
In the run-up to the election, police reported evidence of an unprecedented effort by Russia to spread disinformation and buy votes. Dozens of men were also arrested, accused of having travelled to Serbia for firearms training and for coordinating riots. A BBC investigation uncovered a network that promised payments to participants if they posted pro-Russian propaganda and fake news.
Pro-Moscow parties dismissed the police claims as false and fabricated, a show staged by the government to scare citizens into voting for them.
The Russian embassy in Britain rejected the BBC's allegations, accusing Moldova and its "Western sponsors" of trying to distract attention from Chisinau's "internal problems."
Inside all the polling stations visited by the BBC, a small camera on a tripod was set up to film the transparent ballot boxes.
Election observers said everything was being recorded in order to check for any irregularities.
Dan Spatar, who was at a polling station in the capital with his young daughter, said he was choosing a European future over a Russian past:
"We voted for this four years ago and we deserve to continue like this. We see every day what is happening in Ukraine and we are worried."
Moldova was granted candidate country status for EU membership in 2022, along with Ukraine, four months after Russia's full invasion of Ukraine.
Marina said she was voting “for peace in Moldova, for a better life, for the growth of our economy” and felt it would be very difficult for her country to continue its path towards Europe with a pro-Russian government.
On the border of the separatist enclave of Transnistria in Moldova on Sunday, a long line of cars waited to pass through the 12 polling stations open across the administrative border, some of them more than 20 kilometers away.
People had travelled far from their homes and the number of voters was lower than in recent years – just over 12,000, an indication of the difficulties many of them had faced.
Moldovan police checked the documents and luggage of cars before letting them through. Most of the cars had several people inside, often entire families.
By noon, the line stretched far beyond a kiosk topped with a Soviet symbol – the hammer and sickle – and the green, red and white-striped flag of Transnistria.
Talking to the drivers, most seemed calm and not too worried about the wait. The atmosphere was relatively relaxed.
One man told the BBC in Russian that he was voting for change because the PAS government “promised heaven and delivered nothing.” No one would give further details, insisting that their voting preference was “secret.”
Near a giant statue of Lenin in the town of Anenii Noi, southeast of the Moldovan capital, a group of voters from Transnistria complained that they were taken first to one town and then to another after a bomb scare shut down a polling station. They believed this was done intentionally to discourage them from voting.
One man said he had a "Russian business" in the separatist enclave and made it clear he wanted the pro-Russians back in power./BBC