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History of the Dinosaurs: When they appeared, their species, and how the lords of the Earth disappeared

2022-06-05 17:37:46Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
History of the Dinosaurs: When they appeared, their species, and how the lords
The history of dinosaurs

Most people think that dinosaurs are large, wild and extinct reptiles. Dinosaurs come in all shapes and sizes. They were the largest terrestrial animals of all time, but a large number of dinosaurs reached the size of a turkey.

Dinosaurs first appeared about 230 million years ago. They ruled the earth for about 135 million years until extinction began 65 million years ago. Scientists do not completely agree but their possible extinction has to do with chemical drownings, erupting volcanoes, climate change and possibly other factors.

Dinosaurs soared above every other animal on the face of the earth. With strong scales, claws, and muscles, these giant reptiles evolved for millions of years to become the undisputed masters of all prehistoric life forms.

Powerful and savage, armed and invincible, dinosaurs soared above every other animal on the face of the earth. With strong scales, claws, and muscles, these giant reptiles evolved for millions of years to become the undisputed masters of all prehistoric life forms.

Man could never develop or survive in such a world with carnivorous dinosaurs roaming almost all regions of the earth which was then a single large surface.

The range of the dinosaur era is almost beyond the power of our perception. Imagine for a second you were transposed into the karmic driven world of Dinosaur 225 million years ago. .

In a way, due to some cataclysm, the dinosaurs became extinct. At the evolutionary time scale of Earth's history, they disappeared overnight. The catastrophe, which wiped out dinosaurs and three-quarters of every other species on Earth, turned the evolutionary scale in favor of small rodent mammals, which evolved into little apes and, ultimately, into the human race.

Only a remnant of the Dinosaur Age continues to crawl on the ground to this day. And this is the crocodile. But even the largest crocodile is a small creature compared to giant dinosaur reptiles, such as the 325-ton Brontosaurus, which was herbivorous, or the carnivorous Tyrannosaurus rex, the largest giant that lived on earth, 16 meters high, 12 meters tall and weighing 7 tons. With a large, one-and-a-half-meter-long plate-and-armed head, a cave-like mouth fitted with two rows of razor-sharp teeth, the Tyrannosaurus rex fed on almost all other living species, from the jungle subtropical of prehistoric England to the marshy lands that are today steppes in North America.

History of the Dinosaurs: When they appeared, their species, and how the lords

The dinosaurs themselves evolved, like all other life forms, from the early sea creatures. Large movements in the Earth's crust brought about climate change. The oceans began to recede and large masses of land began to appear above the water. With some stabilization of these land surfaces, some of the sea creatures made the transition to land by developing primitive lungs and limbs to make it possible to find extra food on the new coasts. Some of them looked like giant tadpoles with a third eye between their foreheads. It is believed that this third eye developed to see clearly above the ground. In time, the other eyes as well as the lungs adapted to life on earth. The third eye became unusable, but it has not completely disappeared from the life forms developed by these primitive amphibians. Even today,

But long before human ancestors appeared on the face of the earth, reptiles transformed into dinosaurs. During the Mesozoic Age, from 225 million years ago to 65 million years ago, adaptable and diverse species of dinosaurs began with the carnivorous Compsognathus, which was the size of a chicken, and ended with the giant Brontosaurus.

Dinosaurs were processed by the forces of nature until a moment came when nothing could replace them on the evolutionary scale. Then, suddenly, they disappeared so completely that, until 200 years ago, man had no idea that such giant creatures had once walked the face of the planet. The first remains of a dinosaur were found by a farmer in a field near Cuckfield, Sussex, England, in 1822.

The dinosaur teeth appear to resemble those of today's iguana, so it was immediately named iguana. But with the discovery of other bones and the joining of the complete dinosaur, early archaeologists realized that the dinosaur was unmatched by any other creature. The bones found were then compared to other finds in the North American plains, where the first giant limbs of Brontosaurus were discovered and, slowly, skeptical scientists, now called paleontologists, began to assemble the colossal puzzle of dinosaurs. But only a short time ago they began to ponder over the mystery of the sudden extinction of these seemingly indestructible animals.

By the second half of the 18th century, German archaeologists had discovered giant marine mollusk fossils, large spiral shells called ammonites that grew up to four feet [4 m] in diameter. Ammonites have become extinct along with dinosaurs, as have many primitive plant species.

Theories about the extinction of dinosaurs are numerous. Some scientists say a gradual climate change destroyed vegetation, the lifeblood of some dinosaurs, while carnivorous dinosaurs became disoriented and plucked and failed to protect their eggs from smaller, more adaptable beasts.

However, the dinosaurs had survived, adapted and flourished during critical climate periods, so it must have been a much more violent and unexpected incident that brought about their complete extinction.

The first signs of a possible response came in 1974, when Dr. Luis Alvarez of the University of California did the analysis on a clay layer taken from a place in Italy. The clay contained levels of the element iridium more than 30 times higher than normally expected. Aside from the volcanic eruption, the only event that could disperse so much of the earth's iridium into the atmosphere, Dr. judged. Alvarez, may have been the impact of a meteor on the planet's crust.

Although the Earth is constantly bombarded by many small meteors, only about 200 of them have been large enough to penetrate the atmosphere.

Some of them have even left craters on Earth, which can still be seen today, but a meteor capable of instantly "salting" the Earth with iridium with such an amount that it could eradicate dinosaurs, should have been at least with a diameter of 12 kilometers, releasing the energy of a billion nuclear bombs like that of Hiroshima, leaving a crater at least two kilometers deep and several kilometers wide.

Of course, such a massive "encryption" of the Earth's crust could not be hidden. In addition, if a mass of earth had struck such a giant meteor, not only iridium would have been released, but also billions of tons of crushed rock and dust would have shrouded the Earth in complete darkness for many years, destroying life on earth. to. But as some life forms survived and the process of evolution continued, meteor theory could no longer remain unquestioned.

He was a colleague of Dr. Alvarez, astronomer Fred Whippli, who has given the only acceptable answer.

What if a meteor, even an asteroid, crashed on the bottom of the sea and not on land?

The effects would have been different, but equally catastrophic for the dinosaurs. In addition to the dust that would be thrown into the air, the globe would be surrounded by a thick coating, up to 2 miles, of steam. At the moment of impact the oceans would boil furiously and the planet would have been flooded by warm water. This would destroy so much vegetation that the fish-eating dinosaurs would starve to death. After the dust subsided and the steam remained, the moisture would destroy the dinosaurs that lived on the ground.

History of the Dinosaurs: When they appeared, their species, and how the lords

In the oceans only the creatures of the greatest and coldest depths would survive. While on the ground they would remain relatively undamaged and could only adapt to small fluffy mammals with well-developed metabolic systems. The small rodents, the ancestors of man, could feed on the eggs and flesh of giant dinosaurs that would have become incompetent and weak against the elements.

A meteor or asteroid large enough to cause a gap in the continuation of life would definitely have to leave some trace somewhere. For example, it may have formed an island stuck to the ocean floor having its surface above the water. However, geological evidence of such an interplanetary "shell" embedded in the Earth's skin has not yet been found.

History of the Dinosaurs: When they appeared, their species, and how the lords

Therefore, according to Dr. Whipple, the meteor must have crashed into the Pacific Ocean and is buried in the rugged plate of the Earth's crust that would have carried it slowly eastward for millennia until it crashed and compacted behind the North or South American continent.

Then, as with other fragments and rocks of the Pacific ocean floor, it will be forced to enter the continental shelf and be swallowed by the Earth's molten core, ready to "spit" up again in the form of lava. dissolved, forming new land and offering more life to the inhabitants of the planet that nearly destroyed it.

Some curiosities:

Flights

Scientists think that only large dinosaurs are extinct, because according to them, birds are also living dinosaurs, but with small dimensions. Fossils show that some of the more developed dinosaurs had feathers or feathers as coverings for their bodies. Most people think that extinct flying reptiles called pterosaurs were the closest relatives of dinosaurs.

History of the Dinosaurs: When they appeared, their species, and how the lords

origin

The first dinosaur fossils were identified in the 19th century. In 1842, paleontologist Richard Owen coined the term dinosaur, derived from the Greek word "deinos," meaning terrible or large, and "sauros," meaning lizard. Scientists divided the dinosaurs into two groups - saurischians and ornithiaschians, based on the structure of their bones.

Types of dinosaurs

Saurisians are divided into two groups - herbivores, four-legged sauropods and theoropods, two-legged carnivores.

Ornithischian dinosaurs, are a group of beak dinosaurs, they are herbivores.

Marine reptiles: During the dinosaur era, many things happened under the surface of the world's oceans. An abundant family of marine reptiles largely became extinct by the end of the so-called Jurassic period.

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